Natural gravel bed channels commonly contain a fine mode of sand and fine gravel that fills voids of the bed framework of coarser gravel. If the supply of fine bed material exceeds the storage capacity of framework voids, excess fine material forms surficial patches, which can be voluminous in pools during low flow. Data collected in 34 natural channels in northern California and southern Orego...

Gravel-bed river floodplains in mountain landscapes disproportionately concentrate diverse habitats, nutrient cycling, productivity of biota, and species interactions. Although stream ecologists know that river channel and floodplain habitats used by aquatic organisms are maintained by hydrologic regimes that mobilize gravel-bed sediments, terrestrial ecologists have largely been unaware of the...

Mountainous river beds-generally consist of gravel particles that the precise description of such bed is not only important hydraulically, but also it has great environmental significance. The accurate estimation of bed roughness gives us valuable information to make reliable hydraulic models of flow in river with rigorous bed form. This study discuses about the accuracy of the Kinect device in...

The size and shape of the stones in dry gravel river beds are of interest in geology and river hydraulics. The topography of a bed surface can be measured by three-dimensional laser scanning. A method is described for fitting ellipsoids to the surfaces of individual stones to estimate their size, shape and orientation in the river bed. Different cost functions are evaluated and the methods are ...

In many gravel-bedded rivers, floods that fill the channel banks create just enough shear stress to move the median-sized gravel particles on the bed surface (D50). Because this observation is common and is supported by theory, the coincidence of bankfull flow and the incipient motion of D50 has become a commonly used assumption. However, not all natural gravel channels actually conform to this...

Abstract: A tidal bore is a positive surge taking place during the flood tide under macro-tidal conditions and the bore represents the leading edge of the tidal wave propagating upstream. The fundamentals of tidal bores remain unknown, although some physical experiments were performed during the last two decades. In this study, some physical modelling was performed to investigate the tidal bore...

[1] Migrating bed forms strongly influence hydraulics, transport, and habitat in river environments. Their dynamics are exceedingly complex, making it difficult to predict their geometry and their interaction with sediment transport. Acoustic instrumentation now permits high-resolution observations of bed elevation as well as flow velocity. We present a space-time characterization of bed elevat...

Incubating salmonid eggs in streambeds are often threatened by deposition of fine sediment within the gravel. To relate sedimentation of spawning gravel beds to sediment transport, infiltration of fine sediment (<2 mm in diameter) into clean gravel beds, bed material size distributions, scour-fill depths, and sediment transport during 10 storm flow events were measured in three streams of north...

the mode of heat and mass transfer during baking of bakery products is an important factor determining the quality of the final product. the heating rate could alter the starch properties during gelatinization and affect the quality of products after baking and during aging. sangak is a kind of iranian flat bread baked on the hot pebble gravels. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts...

[1] A variety of formulae has been developed to predict bed load transport in gravel bed rivers, ranging from simple regressions to complex multiparameter formulations. The ability to test these formulae across numerous field sites has, until recently, been hampered by a paucity of bed load transport data for gravel bed rivers. We use 2104 bed load transport observations in 24 gravel bed rivers...