Reverse dialysis of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (ATR, 50 mM), into the pre-Bötzinger Complex region of the ventral respiratory column (VRC) of awake and sleeping goats increases breathing frequency and serotonin (5-HT), substance P (SP), glycine, and GABA concentrations in the effluent dialysate. Herein, we report data from goats in which we reverse dialyzed 5 mM ATR or specifi...

Glycine release was facilitated by the activation of presynaptic ATP receptors (P(2X)-type) in a preparation of dissociated trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis neurons in which the native synaptic boutons were preserved. The action of ATP was completely blocked by substance P (SP) without alteration of the miniature IPSC (mIPSC) amplitude distribution. SP itself had no effect on mIPSC frequency or...

A heterologous signal peptide (SP) from Bacillus sp. G1 was optimized for secretion of recombinant cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) to the periplasmic and, eventually, extracellular space of Escherichia coli. Eight mutant SPs were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis to improve the secretion of recombinant CGTase. M5 is a mutated SP in which replacement of an isoleucine residue i...

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes banana wilt disease, which is a destructive soil-borne disease. Many plants can recruit rhizosphere microorganisms using their root exudates, thereby shaping the microbiome to resist pathogen infection. Therefore, this study was conducted explore role of exudates in process biocontrol strain colonization and resistance pathogens. In study, used as ...

Fig. 1. Mean (6SEM [standard error of the mean]) stop-and-turn rates of glycine-grown cells in response to artificial seawater (ASW), ammonium (NH4), nitrate (NO3), and amino acids. Abbreviations for amino acids are standard three-letter codes. The Y-axis units are Hertz (Hz), the number of stops and turns per second. A minimum of 40 paths was analyzed for ASW and each chemical; compounds were ...

The effect of side chain conjugation on 7-dehydroxylation of bile acids has been investigated. C24-bile acids and their glycine and taurine conjugates and keto bile acids were incubated with pure strains of Eubacterium sp. VPI 12708. Bile acids of the 5 alpha- or 5 beta-series with a free terminal carboxyl group and a 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy system were very effectively 7 alpha-dehydroxylate...

Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were extracted from a unicellular cyanobacterium (Euhalothece sp.) isolated from a gypsum crust on the bottom of a hypersaline saltern pond in Eilat, Israel. When grown at high light intensities, this isolate contained high concentrations of two MAAs, one showing maximum optical density at 331 nm and one at 362 nm. The compound absorbing at 331 nm was purifie...

Cyclic AMP, Radioimmunoassay, Phytoalexins, Glycine max, Phytophthora megasperma cAMP levels were monitored in soybean (Glycine max) infected with race 1 of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea and in soybean cell suspension cultures treated with a glucan elicitor from P. megasperma. While cAMP could be readily detected in soybean hypocotyls using a radio­ immunoassay, no correlation was obs...