Background: Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic agents known to infect humans and a wide range of animals, including poultry. Salmonella Infantis has been one of the 15 most frequently isolated serovars throughout the world. Despite its clinical importance, little is known about the molecular characteristics of S. Infantis strains from Iran. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study wa...

For over 25 years, many evolutionary ecologists have believed that sexual reproduction occurs because it allows hosts to change genotypes each generation and thereby evade their coevolving parasites. However, recent influential theoretical analyses suggest that, though parasites can select for sex under some conditions, they often select against it. These models assume that encounters between h...

introduction: p. aeruginosa is an important multi-drug resistant (mdr) opportunistic pathogen in hospital-acquired infections. several methods based on dna analysis have been used for investigating genetic diversity of p. aeruginosa isolates. among them, rep‑pcr typing has been introduced as a rapid, low cost method with high discriminatory power. the aims of this study were to investigate geno...

to investigation of pathogenisity and genotype diversity of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) caused rice bacterial blight, several samples were collected from paddy field of rice in rasht-sangar, soumeh sara, rezvan shahr, daboudasht amol and rice-institute-research guilan during the summer of 2012, from plants that showed blight and yellowing in their leaves. bacterial isolates were identif...

Three new methods of selection of mating pairs for Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are introduced where the partners are chosen based on either their genotypic similarity (called genotypic assortative mating) or their phenotypic similarity (called phenotypic assortative mating). These methods not only help in exploiting the current search space properly before exploring the new one but also enable one...