the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents has become more prevalent during the past decades. these drugs may potentially cause gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding. thus, there is an increasing need for gi endoscopy in patients who take these medications. in patients who take anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents, the appropriate conditions under which endoscopic procedures should be performed...

gastrointestinal melanoma (gim) is occasionally observed in general practice. we report a case of melanoma dispersed diffusely in the stomach and duodenum with no skin involvement.

background lower gastrointestinal bleeding (lgib) in infants and children is a common problem in medical centers; however, its epidemiologic properties have not been studied well. objectives due to the fact that lgib has various causes in different geographical places, considering the importance of etiology in decision making for diagnostic techniques and treatment and since the lack of compreh...

lipomas are rare gastric tumors that comprise less than 1% of gastric tumors. these tumors are usually without clinical manifestations, but sometimes they may present with severe symptoms like bleeding,intussusception, or abdominal pain. in endoscopic assessment, they manifest with subm ucosal masses with intact epithelium. endosonography and ct scan can help in diagnosis. surgical resection of...

engraftment by donor lymphocytes in an immunologically compromised host can result in donor t-cell activation against host major histocompatibility complex antigens, with resultant gvhd. the acute form of gvhd (agvhd) is characterized by erythroderma, cholestatic hepatitis, and enteritis. the intestinal symptoms of agvhd include crampy abdominal pain and watery diarrhea, often with blood. the c...

aneurysms of gastric vessels (dieulafoy`s disease, caliber-persistent artery) are thought to be of malformative rather than degenerative origin. they are usually single, located in the submucosa, usually on the lesser curvature, and characterized by a large tortuous vessel surmounted by a small defect in the overlying mucosa. when the lesion perforates, massive and sometimes fatal hemorrhage ma...

a 50-year-old lady presented with bloody vomiting and melena since four days prior to admission. her medical history was significant only for hypertension which was controlled by a 5 mg daily dose of amlodipine. she occasionally took nsaids. on admission, the physical exam revealed only mild tachycardia and pallor. hemoglobin was 9.7 g/dl, which subsequently declined to 7.9 g/dl. the first uppe...

gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gist) are the most common mesenchy­mal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. the biological pattern of these tumors ranges from benign-appearing small lesions to malignant sarcomas. only 3%-5% of gists are found in the duodenum. a duodenal gist is a rare source of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. a remarkable percentage of duodenal gists are localized in the thi...

background upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ugib) is a major healthcare problem and is the most frequent gastrointestinal reason for admission to hospital. we aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with ugib referred to a referral hospital in northern iran in 2013. methods all patients with ugib who admitted to sayyad shirazi hospital, in gorgan, northern iran, in 2013 were enrolled. th...

â  a 56 year-old man with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding is reported. the patient had constant crampy pain in his epigastrium, right upper quadrant and periumbilical area. upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy was normal. colonoscopy showed a soft-tissue mucoâ­sal lesion in the rectum which was determined to be a worm that extended into the lumen of the rectum with no bleeding. the pathology wa...