introduction: ramadan is the ninth month of muslim's calendar during which muslims fast. ramadan lasts 29-30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon. fasting during ramadan has significant health effects. the present study aimed at reviewing the literature of the impact of ramadan fasting on upper gastrointestinal disorders. results: gastric acid and pepsin secretion increa...

introduction: laryngopharyngeal reflux (lpr) is considered an important cause of voice disorder. we aimed to determine the frequency of lpr in patients with voice disorder and the association between koufman reflux symptom index (rsi), reflux finding score (rfs), gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd), and proximal acid reflux in these patients. materials and methods: we performed a prospective...

Aim: Urinary reflux is a probable reason of nephrolithiasis among children. This study aimed to assess the relationship between urinary reflux and other reason of stone formation in children.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with 199 children diagnosed with nephrolithiasis using ultrasonography. They were hospitalized in a referral children hospital in an urban area of in Iran...

urinary tract infection is a common pediatric problem and vesicoureteral reflux is its most common complication. detection of this reflux has classically been achieved by voiding cystouretrography (vcug). ultrasonography for evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux is shown to be feasible but is not widely accepted. our aim was to assess the value of routine sonography in detecting vesicoureteral re...

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (urinary reflux) is one of the most common congenital anomalies in children. This study aimed to compare the ureteral opening distance from the midline in children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and healthy children Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the children with pyelonephritis who were referred to Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman, Iran f...

classic anti reflux procedures on children with a history of posterior urethral valve does not usually yield good results and often ends up with ureteral obstruction and even permanent urinary diversion. from 1981 through 1988,21 boys with history of posterior urethral valve (puv) underwent evaluation for vesicoureteral (vu) reflux 17 boys had vu reflux. following valve ablation, reflux disappe...

background: gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems in the west while different reports indicate an increase in the prevalence in iran. the aim of this study was to estimate the preva­lence and clinical spectrum of gerd in staff of a referral hospital and evaluate the risk factors. methods: this cross-sectional study using a modified mayo clini...

results in total, 420 participants (25.7%) had gerd symptoms. risk factors with significant effects consisted of smoking, consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nasids), overeating, chronic diseases, tea and coffee consumption and gerd in spouse. conclusions the prevalence of gerd among people living in mashhad was above the average prevalence in other cities of iran. however, ri...

poly (propylene fumarate) (ppf), a linear unsaturated polyester consisting of alternating propylene glycol and fumaric acid units, can be cured in vivo to fill the skeletal defects with minimal surgical intervention. many different methods have been reported for synthesizing ppf, but none of them gives a clear method. the present paper introduces two new methods in ppf synthesis: modified reflu...