the nanoparticles of ti and tio2 have attracted extensive research interest because of their diverse applications in, for instance, catalysis, energy conversion, pigment and cosmetic manufacturing and biomedical engineering. through this project, a one-step bulk synthesis method of electromagnetic levitational gas condensation (elgc) was utilized for the synthesis of monodispersed and crystalli...

............................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................. 4 INDEX OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. 7 1 BACKGROUND ...........................................

The network of interactions between hot gas, cool clouds, massive stars, and stellar remnants used in the chemodynamical modeling of the interstellar medium is investigated for the types of its solutions. In a physically consistent formulation for the energy transfer during condensation, oscillations due to a cyclic switching between condensation and evaporation never occur. A closed-box system...

A general kinetic nucleation and condensation model is proposed and implemented in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Both gas and clusters are treated as particles in this model, and clusters possess internal energy and potential energy. Nucleation and condensation processes are treated as collision events, and the probability for possible nucleation or condensation is determined from t...

This work reports on the fabrication of tin nanoclusters by sputtering and inert-gas condensation inside an ultrahigh vacuum compatible system. This technique allows to fine tune the size and yield of nanoclusters by controlling the nanocluster source parameters. The produced nanoclusters are deposited on SiO2/Si substrate with pre-formed electrical electrodes to produce a nanocluster device. T...

Introduction: Magnesian silicates such as for-sterite (Mg 2 SiO 4) and enstatite (MgSiO 3) are major minerals in universe including disks around young stars [e.g., 1], shells around evolved stars, in particular, oxygen rich stars [e.g., 2, 3] and so on. It is thus important to understand evaporation and condensation behaviors of magnesian silicates, which are major phase-transformation reaction...

The role of boundary conditions at the interface for both Boltzmann equation and the set of Navier-Stokes equations have been suggested to be important for studying of multiphase flows such as evaporation/condensation process which doesn't always obey the equilibrium conditions. Here we present aspects of transition-state theory (TST) alongside with kinetic gas theory (KGT) relevant to the stud...

Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of magnons pumped by an incoherent pumping source is experimentally studied at room temperature. We demonstrate that the condensation can be achieved in a gas of bosons under conditions of incoherent pumping. The critical transition point is shown to be almost independent of the frequency spectrum of the pumping source and is solely determined by the density ...

We present a method to derive positions of molecular clouds along the lines of sight from a quantitative comparison between 2.6mm CO emission lines and 18 cm OH absorption lines, and apply it to the central kiloparsecs of the Milky Way. With some simple but justifiable assumptions, we derive a face-on distribution of the CO brightness and corresponding radial velocity in the Galactic centre wit...

We explore the consequences of Bose-Einstein condensation on two-scalar-exchange mediated forces among bodies that sit in a boson gas. We find that below the condensation temperature the range of the forces becomes infinite while it is finite at temperatures above condensation.