Spermatogenesis is a fundamental biological process that ensures the transition of a gene from one ganeration to another via male gametes. This process relies on a rare population of testicular cells called spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which self-renew throughout adult male life and differentiate into mature gametes. Despite the longstanding study of SSCs, their biological properties remai...

during recent decades, the third person intervention in human artificial insemination has created new hopes for infertile couples. however these new progresses have propounded new ethical and legal concerns for families. one of them is confidentiality regarding gamete donor's identity, and its disclosure to the future child and others. of course, negligence to this ethical issue would produce a...

To discuss the psychological impact of disclosure decisions on donor gamete participants including gamete donors, intended parents, and the children conceived through these third party reproductive techniques. In the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase worldwide in the number of children born as a result of gamete donation. The growing demand for these programs has resulted in a tre...

Studies on the evolution of reproductive proteins have shown that they tend to evolve more rapidly than other proteins, frequently under positive selection. Progress on understanding the implications of these patterns is possible for marine invertebrates, where molecular evolution can be linked to gamete compatibility. In this study, we surveyed data from the literature from five genera of sea ...

Although much effort has been made to uncover the mechanism underlying double fertilization, little knowledge has been acquired for understanding the molecular base of gamete recognition, mainly because of technical limitations. Still, progress has been made in terms of the mechanism, including the identification of candidate molecules that are involved in gamete recognition in angiosperms. New...

Fertilization requires recognition, attachment, and membrane fusion between gametes. In metazoans, rapidly evolving surface proteins contribute to gamete recognition and adhesion. Flowering plants evolved a double fertilization process wherein two immotile sperm cells are delivered to female gametes by the pollen tube, guided by elaborate communications between male and female reproductive orga...