Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is currently based on the processing of only GPS observations. Its positioning accuracy, availability and reliability are very dependent on the number of visible satellites, which is often insufficient in the environments such as urban canyons, mountain and open-pit mines areas. Even in the open area where sufficient GPS satellites are available, the accuracy and...

In the conventional scenario for GPS surveying based on the post-processed mode, users have to purchase a minimum of two sets of GPS receiver hardware, as well as the associated processing software package. This is not only a significant capital cost, but the GPS survey operation incurs additional logistical costs due to the need to operate both a Base (or Reference) receiver as well as the Use...

In this paper a practical method for tropospheric effects on GPS derived coordinates in absolute mode is presented. GPS observations at the permanent GPS stations can be used as source of information for the modeling. The developed model is a time-dependent model and as such differs from usual tropospheric models, which are based on atmospheric parameters, i.e. temperature, pressure and humidit...

The standard scenario for GPS surveying is to use two carrier phase-tracking GPS receivers, one located at a "reference" station with known coordinates and the second one at a station whose coordinates are to be determined. (It is also possible to determine a trajectory when the second receiver is in motion.) However, the cost of two GPS receivers, and associated software, is high and has precl...