Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a family member of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which belong to the TGF-β superfamily. There has been a recent surge of interest in the role of growth differentiation factors and other BMPs in the development and spread of cancer. However, the role of GDF-9 in bladder cancer remains unknown. The present study investigated the expression of GDF-9...

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that is required for normal folliculogenesis in female mice, but its role as a regulator of human fertility is still unclear. We determined here by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses the localization of the GDF-9 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein during human folliculogenes...

PURPOSE Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta family. GDF-15 is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy but has also been linked to other physiologic and pathologic conditions. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The expression of GDF-15 in glioma cell lines was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunoblot. GDF-15 levels in...

The transition from preantral to early antral stage is the penultimate stage of ovarian follicular development in terms of gonadotropin dependence and follicle destiny. Although oocyte-somatic cell communication is important in early follicular development, our knowledge of the precise role of the oocyte-derived growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 during preantral follicle growth is incomplet...

Growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of proteins. GDF-15 levels are increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of glioblastoma patients. Using a TCGA database interrogation, we demonstrate that high GDF-15 expression levels are associated with poor survival of glioblastoma patients. To elucidate the role of GDF-15 in gliobla...

To improve the reproductive performance of water buffalo to level can satisfy our needs, the mechanisms controlling ovarian follicular growth and development should be thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the expressions of growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) in buffalo ovaries were examined by immunohistochemistry, and the effects of GDF-9 treatment on follicle progression we...

GDF-8 is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. The mechanisms which regulate the biological activity of GDF-8 have not yet been elucidated. Analogous to the TGF-beta system, GDF-8 propeptide binds to and inhibits the activity of GDF-8. In these studies, we define the critical domain of the GDF-8 propeptide necessary for inhibitory activity. Two molecules of GDF-8 propeptide monomer inhi...

Ovarian inhibin production is stimulated by FSH and several TGFbeta family ligands including activins and bone morphogenetic proteins. Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) derived by the oocyte is a member of the TGFbeta/activin family, and we have previously shown that GDF-9 treatment stimulates ovarian inhibin-alpha content in explants of neonatal ovaries. However, little is known about GD...

Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9) is a transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) family member which is expressed in the oocytes in mouse ovaries (McGrath, S.A., Esquela, A.F., Lee, S.J., 1995. Oocyte-specific expression of growth/differentiation factor-9. Mol. Endocrinol. 9, 131-136). GDF-9 is indispensable for normal folliculogenesis since female mice deficient for the GDF-9 gene are inferti...

Dysregulation of growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) signalling, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, is strongly linked to skeletal malformation. GDF-5-mediated signal transduction involves both BMP type I receptors, BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB. However, mutations in either GDF-5 or BMPR-IB lead to similar phenotypes, indicating that in chondrogenesis GDF-5 signalling seems to be exclusively ...