This paper formulates a mathematical model for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem (GVRP), incorporating bi-fuel (natural gas and gasoline) pickup trucks in a mixed vehicle fleet. The objective is to minimize overall costs relating to service (earliness and tardiness), transportation (fixed, variable and fuel), and carbon emissions. To reflect a real-world situation, the study considers: (1) a co...

many reports that appeared during the last 20 years have shown that atmospheric pollution causes serious damage to human health and to environment. electricity generation from fuel fossil is one of the major sources of pollution and considerable share of this damage. the price of electricity in iran, as in many other countries also, includes only the production of private costs and ignores any ...

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The fuel cell technology is much better than other alternatives because the equipment„s lifetime costs, including operating costs, are much lower than competing technologies. There are many other benefits that fuel cells provide like low-to-no emissions, lower maintenance costs, high reliability, silent operation, faster fuelling, and constant, high-quality, uninterrupted power. In this paper, ...

Fuel hedging is a common risk management tool used in the airline industry. But past studies have not addressed the question of whether fuel hedging creates any benefit to airline operations. This study is the first work that empirically examines the role of fuel hedging in reducing airlines’ operating costs. Using US airlines data from 2000 through 2012, we find that, after accounting for the ...

Solid waste collection, transfer and transportation (SWCTT) is a fundamental component of solid waste management systems that contributes to both the costs and environmental emissions associated with managing solid waste. The objective of this study is to project the fuel consumption and fuel costs of SWCTT in Tehran from 2018 to 2032. A further objective is to evaluate the air pollutant emissi...

the management of machine replacement (specifically tractors) is one of the most critical factors for performing field operations on time. therefore, tractor repair and maintenance costs must be accurately predicted. this research was carried out to evaluate the use of the regression technique in predicting tractor repair and maintenance costs. the study was conducted using empirical data on 60...

anaging power generation assets is a complex and challenging task. From the perspective of a regulated utility, the objective is to satisfy its customers and minimise costs. The focus of other energy service companies operating in a deregulated market is on profit maximisation. Large power companies may hold many assets that include a variety of fossil-fuelled power plants such as coal, gas or ...

Hybrid systems present a new dimension to the time correlation of intermittent renewable energy sources. The paper considers the daily energy consumption variations for winter and summer weekdays and weekends in order to compare the corresponding fuel costs and evaluate the operational efficiency of the hybrid system for a 24-h period. Previous studies have assumed a fixed load and uniform dail...