the dorsal skin of the iranian frog, rana ridibanda, is associated with numerous prominent granular glands which extract their secretions in the response to stressor or invading pathogens .the secretions have broad spectrum antimicrobial effects. in this research the effect of antimicrobial skin secretions from iranian frog (rana ridibanda) has been examined against gram positive methycillin re...

conclusions our results demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of frog skin as a wound dressing, which has antimicrobial effects per se. this biological dressing shows promise as an effective biological wound dressing insofar as not only is it capable of resisting microbes and accelerating wound healing but also it is cost-effective and easy to use. results in the microbial studies, the bact...

this paper presents a new modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (msfla) applied to design simultaneous coordinated tuning of damping controllers to damp the power system low frequency oscillations. for this, a new frog leaping rule is proposed to improve the local exploration and performance of the original sfla and the genetic mutation operator is employed for new frog generation instead of...

Previous evidence indicated that frog virus 3 (FV3), an icosahedral DNA virus, replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm. However, data presented here demonstrate that FV3 does not replicate in UV-irradiated or enuleated chicken embryo or BSC-1 cells and that virus-specific DNA synthesis is not initiated in such cells. Primary transcription was not detected in infected enucleated cells. These res...

conclusions this study showed that some properties of antimicrobial substances produced by the ga strain differed from other peptide antibiotics produced by the genus bacillus such as bacitracin, which increases the likelihood of its novelty. results the isolated bacterium was identified as a new strain of bacillus atrophaeus. the antimicrobial substance exhibited heat stability between 25ºc an...

Fourteen adult frogs including six banded frog, Rana camerani and eight marsh frog, Rana ridibunda ridibunda were collected from two sites of Chahar Mahal-o-Bakhtiari province at the southwest of Iran and then were examined for helminth parasites. Only Dolichosaccus rastellus  (50%) was found in R. camerani, Skrjabinoeces similis (50%) and metacercarian cysts of Codonocephalus urniger (12....

background: there has been increasing awareness throughout the world regarding the remarkable decrease in amphibian population. for such amphibian population decline several causes have been given. cadmium, a heavy metal is released both from natural sources (leaching of cadmium rich soils) and anthropogenic activities to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. this study evaluated the toxici...

A half-trace retrieval algorithm based on an extended-ptychographical iterative engine is proposed to reconstruct the temporal structure of pulse from a polluted and recorded frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) trace that was modulated by poor spatial profile output pulses, stray light, or misalignment measurement setup. In algorithm, probe gated were retrieved simultaneously FROG with hal...

Fourteen adult frogs including six banded frog, Rana camerani and eight marsh frog, Rana ridibunda ridibunda were collected from two sites of Chahar Mahal-o-Bakhtiari province at the southwest of Iran and then were examined for helminth parasites. Only Dolichosaccus rastellus  (50%) was found in R. camerani, Skrjabinoeces similis (50%) and metacercarian cysts of Codonocephalus urniger (12.5%) w...

Background: There has been increasing awareness throughout the world regarding the remarkable decrease in amphibian population. For such amphibian population decline several causes have been given. Cadmium, a heavy metal is released both from natural sources (leaching of cadmium rich soils) and anthropogenic activities to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. This study evaluated the toxici...