We studied the time course of humoral and cellular immunity of guinea pigs injected with the synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP Pasteur, 10 microgram) in Freund incomplete adjuvant; the kinetics were compared with those obtained with Freund complete adjuvant (50 microgram of whole Mycobacterium butyricum). The antibody response to ovalbumin was faster and higher wit...

Although much progess has been made in the detection and characterization of homocytotropic antibodies, identification of the factors which control their synthesis remains to be determined. To assess the influence of different adjuvants on anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses, rabbits were immunized with adjuvant plus homologous albumin (HRA) heavily substituted wi...

Although adjuvants are important components of vaccines, few studies have been conducted to establish the criteria on adjuvant selection and to investigate mechanisms of adjuvant actions during vaccination. Here we found that complete Freund adjuvant (CFA) induced a CD11b cell population in a B-cell independent manner. This cell population exhibited strong ability to inhibit T-cell-mediated rej...

Muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, induced adjuvant arthritis in WKA rats when injected in a water-in-oil emulsion prepared with Freund incomplete adjuvant (Difco), but not when emulsified with Drackeol and Arlacel A.

aviecennia marina (avicenniaceae) is an endemic plant that widely distributed in the southern parts of iran. this plant has been used as treatment of rheumatism arthritis among the inhabitants of southern parts of iran. the avicennia marina hydroalcoholic extract was prepared and its protective efficacy was investigated using measurement of ankle diameter, total wbc and rbc count, esr, and pro-...

introduction: inflammation and edema symptoms are physiological response to triggers that can be induced by different mediators such as cytokines. rheumatoid arthritis is the most common form of arthritis which is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane, severe and debilitating pain and progressive cartilage injury. it is clear that cytokines are involved in different sta...

Localizations of complement component 3 (C3) receptor (C3R)-bearing cells in lymph nodes obtained from normal guinea pigs or from guinea pigs inoculated with complete Freund adjuvant were examined by staining with fluorescein-labeled anti-guinea pig C3 antibody after treatment with aggregated rabbit immunoglobulin M bound with guinea pig complement. In normal lymph nodes, a small number of C3R-...

Extract of Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) has become the focus of research as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of rheumatic arthritis and pain due to its favorable side effects profile compared to synthetic alternatives. This superior safety of treatment is very valuable, especially in view of that in mandatory long duration of therapy in chronic diseases. None of NS...

activated macrophages have been classified into classical (m1) and alternative (m2) macrophages. we aimed to establish a method to yield enough number of macrophages to analyze their molecular, biological and immunological functions. we used drugs; adjuvant albumin from chicken egg whites—imject alum (ova- alum) and ova complete freund adjuvant (ova-cfa), to induce macrophages to m2 and m1 resp...