the aim of this paper is to minimize output phase noise for the pure signal synthesis in the frequency synthesizers. for this purpose, first, an exact mathematical model of phase locked loop (pll) based frequency synthesizer is described and analyzed. then, an exact closed-form formula in terms of synthesizer bandwidth and total output phase noise is extracted. based on this formula, the phase ...

At the Microsystems Technology Laboratory at MIT, we have developed two techniques that allow fast and accurate simulation of both dynamic and noise performance of fractionalN synthesizers at a detailed behavioral level. We incorporated these techniques into a custom C++ program to simulate the dynamic and noise performance of a prototype Σ-∆ frequency synthesizer. This class of fractional-N sy...

This paper presents phase noise behaviour and design aspects of PLL based frequency synthesizers with ∆Σ dithering for cognitive multi-radio mobile terminals. Principal features of PLL based frequency synthesizers and 1-bit ∆Σ dithering are presented and simulated. Moreover, frequency synthesizer requirements for main standards in the frequency band 800 MHz to 6 GHz are investigated as well.

We investigate the tuning behavior of a novel type of single-frequency optical synthesizers by phase comparison of the output signals of two identical devices. We achieve phase-stable and cycle-slip free frequency tuning over 28.1 GHz with a maximum zero-to-peak phase deviation of 62 mrad. In contrast to previous implementations of single-frequency optical synthesizers, no comb line order switc...