background and objective: to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral amiloride for the treatment of edema in pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. methods: a randomized trial of amiloride vs hydrochlorthiazide was done in 34 patients. the mean age was 4.3±0.7 years old. after a 2 week washout of diuretic therapy, nephrotic children with edema were randomized into two groups...

To understand the development of cadmium (Cd)-induced renal tubular dysfunction, cross-sectional assessment of renal function in the inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Jinzu River basin in Toyama, Japan, was carried out. Sixty-seven men and 78 women, aged 56 to 71 years whose urinary beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) exceeded 1,000 micrograms/g creatinine, were examined and divided into five groups a...

1. Our purpose was to determine why hypouricaemia is more frequently observed than hypouraemia in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. We have retrospectively analysed the scores of 35 patients with a chronic form of hyponatraemia related to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone and studied prospectively six patients. 2. The patients with hi...

Antidiuretic hormone or arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney. Three decades ago, experimental models have shown that AVP may increase calcium reabsorption in rat kidney. The objective of this study was to assess whether AVP modulates renal calcium excretion in humans. We analyzed calcium, potassium, and sodium fractional excretion in eigh...

There is abundant evidence that sodium intake is related to blood pressure. However, the relationship varies between individuals and is probably determined by renal sodium handling. We investigated clinic and ambulatory blood pressure in relation to interactions between sodium dietary intake and renal handling, as assessed by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and endogenous lithium clearance, re...

Introduction: Using brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion (IR) prior to a more sustained IR insult – ischemic preconditioning (IPC) – can reduce IR injury of the heart, brain and many other tissues. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of 2min ischemic periods on subsequent rat renal IR injury. Methods: Male rat's renal IR injury was investigated in a right nephrectom...

The influence of induced chronic renal failure on 24-hour urinary excretion and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium was studied in cats. Induction of chronic renal failure significantly increased fractional excretion of potassium (P less than 0.0001) and sodium (P less than 0.05); however, 24-hour urinary excretion of sodium and potassium decreased slightly following induction of chron...

introduction: arterial gas derangement could change urinary sodium excretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients.there are very few and conflicting data in regards to the measurement of fractional excretion of sodium in copd patients. the main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between renal fractional excretion of sodium(fena) with arterial blood gas and spir...