Direct sequencing of PCR products by T7 DNA polymerase is prone to problems in GC-rich regions, due to the stability of secondary structure and rapid reannealing of the heat-separated complementary strands of DNA. To overcome these difficulties, we examined the effect of adding formamide to the sequencing reaction. Formamide weakens the hydrogen bonding between nucleotides (1, 2), and is, there...

Infrared spectra of solid formamide are reported as a function of temperature. Solid formamide samples were prepared at 30 K and then annealed to higher temperatures (300 K) with infrared transmission spectra being recorded over the entire temperature range. The NH(2) vibrations of the formamide molecule were found to be particularly very sensitive to temperature change. The IR spectra revealed...

-The crystalline and osmotic swelling of N~, Cs-, Mgand Ca-montmorillonite has been measured in dimethyl sulphoxide and in formamide, N-methyl formamide, dimethyl formamide, N-methyl acetamide and dimethyl acetamide. These liquids have similar dipole moments but their relative permittivities vary appreciably from values less than water to values greater than water. Na montmorillonite exhibits o...

Kawai, Makoto, Munir Hussain, and Clive H. Orchard. Excitation-contraction coupling in rat ventricular myocytes after formamide-induced detubulation. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 46): H603–H609, 1999.— Formamide-induced osmotic shock has been used to detubulate isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (i.e., disrupt the surface membrane-T tubule junction). Cell volume, calculated fr...

In this work we obtained microporous and mesoporous silica gels by sol-gel processing. Tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS) was used as precursor. Nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid were used as catalysts. In order to study the affect of formamide as drying additive, we used a molar ratio alkoxide/formamide of 1/1. The performance of formamide in obtaining crack-free gels was evaluated through monolith...

Formamide contains the four elements (C, H, O, and N) most required for life and it is attractive as a potential prebiotic starting material for nucleobase synthesis. In the presence of catalysts (for example, TiO2) and with moderate heating, formamide can pass surface energy barriers, yielding a complete set of nucleic bases and acyclonucleosides, and favoring both phosphorylations and transph...