Since the maximum foaming temperature window is only about 4 °C for supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) foaming of pristine polypropylene, it is important to raise the melt strength of polypropylene in order to more easily achieve scCO₂ foaming. In this work, radiation cross-linked isotactic polypropylene, assisted by the addition of a polyfunctional monomer (triallylisocyanurate, TAIC), was employed in ...

As a result of the ambiguity and complexity surrounding anaerobic digester foaming, efforts have been made by various researchers to understand the process of anaerobic digester foaming so as to proffer a solution that can be universally applied rather than site specific. All attempts ranging from experimental analysis to comparative review of other process has not fully explained the condition...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a complex biological system which can be affected by several operational problems. Among them, biological foaming is one of the most difficult to deal with. It has many effects, such as causing gas pipe clogging and probe failures, and it can affect mixing devices, etc. Since the mechanisms involved in biological foaming development are not fully understood, it is no...

Creation of foam structures from hydrolytically degradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a current task in biomaterial research. One example are degradable scaffolds. The thermodynamic and kinetic conditions in a supercritical CO2 (scCO2) supported foaming process of PCL can influence the resulting morphology of the foam. PCL-foaming with scCO2 was systematically investigated in the pressure ra...

In this article, the effects of different foam production times and temperatures on the mechanical, physical, and structural properties of polypropylene (PP) foam has been investigated. The microcellular PP foams were carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) as a physical foaming agent in a batch process. The samples were placed in a pressure vessel and were saturated ...

foaming conditions of the red beet (beta vulgaris l) puree were optimized using response surface methodology (rsm) with respect to arabic gum concentrations (0.01 – 0.4% w/w), red beet puree (40 _ 60% w/w),egg white concentration( 5 _ 15% w/w) and whipping time (3 – 9 min) for minimum foam density and foam drainage volume as response variables. foams were prepared from various pulp concentratio...

Foaming can be a serious problem in the process industry. For packed columns foaming is often reported for treatments of sour gases with alkaline solutions (e.g. amine scrubbing), but also for distillation and extractive distillation. Existing hydrodynamic prediction methods for pressure drop and flood points, but also for mass transfer efficiencies, do not consider foaminess. To build an exper...

In hydrocracking and other foaming reactors, the foam rises to the top because it has a higher gas fraction than the bubbly mixture from which it comes. The high gas hold-up in foams is undesirable in chemical reactors because it strongly decreases the liquid residence time and in hydrocracking reactors also promotes the formation of coke. To study foams we built a cold slit bubble reactor whic...

The aim of this work is to understand the effects of the rheological and interfacial properties of a model food on continuous foaming operation in laminar flow conditions. The rheological properties of food model (glucose syrup) were adjusted using three polysaccharides: xanthan, LM pectin and guar. Interfacial properties were varied using two kinds of proteins: Na-caseinates and whey proteins ...

Activated sludge plants (ASP) are associated with the stable foaming problem worldwide. Apart from the physical and chemical treatment methods, biological treatment method has been least explored and may prove to be a novel and ecofriendly approach to tackle the problem of stable foam formation. In ASP Nocardia species are commonly found and are one of the major causes for forming sticky and st...