Size enlargement of fine powders by wet granulation involves mixing of fine particles with a binder liquid to form larger wet granules and drying them by evaporation of the binder liquid to form larger dry granules. Identification of the time for completion of granulation process is critical as further mixing of dry granules is providing extra energy for their attrition. In a batch fluidized be...

Fluidized bed is commonly used for struvite (MgNH4PO4·6H2O) recovery from wastewater. However, effective methods are lacking to describe the properties of the millimeter-scale struvite pellets in the fluidized bed, with the consequence of not predicting and optimizing the granulation process effectively. In this work, swine wastewater was used as the medium for struvite recovery by using fluidi...

A model was developed taking into consideration the heat and mass transfer processes in liquidsprayed fluidized beds. Such fluidized beds (FB) are used for granulation, coating and agglomeration. Conclusions are drawn on the relevance of particle dispersion, spraying and drying to temperature and concentrations distributions. In extension, the model was coupled with a population balance model t...

The process of fluidized bed spray granulation unites the steps of solid formation and product formulation in one apparatus and is used to produce granules out of a liquid. Thereby, a melt is atomized into small droplets and sprayed into the fluidized bed, which consists of seed particles of the same material. Droplets deposit on the particles near the spray zone and form a film which solidifie...

Understanding the relationship between processing parameters of fluidized bed wet granulation and the characteristics of intermediate and final products is crucial in the pharmaceutical processes. This research examined a fluidized bed wet granulation process containing a cornstarch solution as binder and lactose particles as powder. The design of experiment (DoE) was performed according to an ...

A rotary reactor and a fluidized bed reactor (both laboratory-scale and operated in batch mode) are used for the treatment of granulates containing SSA and CaCl ) and treating this mixture (possible after granulation) in a rotary kiln at 1000±100°C leads to the formation of volatile heavy metal compounds which evaporate and to Pphases with a high bio-availability. Due to economical and ecologic...

Scaling up is one of the difficulties faced by production process pharmaceutical industry. We must manufacture in higher quantities than a laboratory size with set requirements as we scale up. Understanding crucial variables that affect final product's specifications will aid choosing appropriate upgrade settings. Fluidized-bed granulation most frequently used techniques to increase The complex...

A two-dimensional balance model of populations distributed by property was developed using the ordinates of particle diameter andparticle density. This model makes it possible to calculate the spectrums of granulation changing over time in the fluidized bed duringbatch operation and in addition to calculate the time-dependent size distribution of the product granulate for continuous...