by decreasing of sturgeon stocks in the caspian sea, the culture of different sturgeon species especially huso huso was increased in iran. under stress conditions sturgeon can easily be infected by several opportunistic pathogens. in june 2011, mortality happened in 25-28°c water temperature, in one of the most important cultured sturgeon farms in mazandaran province in the north of iran. the m...

during a survey of plant-parasitic nematodes in bamyan and mazar sharif provinces of afghanistan, several species of plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to infraorder tylenchomorpha were detected and identified. filenchus facultativus; filenchus discrepans; filenchus elegantulus; boleodorus volutus; neopsilenchus magnidens; coslenchus costatus; ditylenchus myceliophagus; tylenchorhynchus clarus...

during a survey in 2015, three dark-winged fungus gnat species, bradysia odoriphaga yang & zhang, 1985, bradysia trivittata staeger, 1840and scatopsciara atomariazetterstedt, 1851 were identified and recorded here from iran for the first time. the genus scatopsciara edwards, 1927 is newly recorded from iran as well. the identification of specimens were confirmed by dr kai heller (germany). the ...

a mandibular first molar requiring root canal therapy was found with five canals, three mesial canals, and two distal canals. initially, four canals (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal, and distolingual) were identified. the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals were found in their normal locations, and a fifth canal was noted between these two. this case demonstrates a rare anatomical config...

in order to identification of plant parasitic nematodes associated with plants in fruit orchards of west azerbaijan province, iran, a survey was conducted during 2011 and 2012. nematodes were extracted from soil and root samples by using centrifugal-flotation and whitehead's tray, transferred to glycerin and mounted in permanent slides. morphological and morphometrical characters of the specime...

NOTE: This is a first draft of the RMSPG report. It needs substantial polishing, is definitely too long and still, in places, incomplete. However, we post it in this preliminary state in order to invite community input at a stage when input can still help us shape the final report. We trust that the unevenness and imperfection will be recognized for its preliminary nature (“warts and all”). We ...

The structure of this paper is as follows. There is a review of some of the anomalies that have been encountered by social indicators researchers section “Anomalies as Prods to Research”, and an overview of studies exploring various explanatory hypotheses of the anomalies section “Overview of Previous Research”. Plausible next steps are considered in the fourth section “Next Steps”. Beginning w...

The purpose of the first draft is to get one’s ideas on paper and to try out a plan of organization for those ideas. Of course, it should follow the outline that you have prepared beforehand! Much of the effort of a first draft is experimental. For example when writing, one should err toward including, rather than excluding, information and ideas. That is, the first draft is the time to see whe...

I am highly indebted to William E. Bailey for all his assistance, innovative insights, constructive criticism of the first draft and helpful insights into the final draft.

• This paper represents a very first draft on an ongoing research project. • In it present extension (some 20 000 words), it is more a has more a book chapter format than an article one. • A simplified, but complete version of the argument and the empirical evidence can be obtained by reading sections 1-2 and 7-8 only (some 8000 words in total), oriented to newcomers into welfare state research...