wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. as the...

We have investigated the Raman gain for different pump wavelengths and maximum gain is achieved for pump wavelength of 1451.2 nm for the input signal source at 1550 nm. Also the effect of both pump power and Raman fiber length on gain saturation in fiber Raman amplifiers(FRAs) was studied without using any booster before Raman fiber. We have numerically simulated the gain of a FRA for different...

We experimentally study a fiber loop laser in figure-8 configuration and explore the dependency of degree polarization on controlled parameters. To account for experimental observations, mapping is derived to evaluate time evolution. The nonlinearity induced by Kerr effect gain saturation gives rise rich dynamics. find that can be increased tuning system into region where has locally stable fix...

We demonstrate that the strong thermal growth of fiber Bragg gratings in phosphate glass fibers at temperatures between 100 – 250 °C requires the seed gratings written using 193 nm light to be overexposed beyond saturation. 2010 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.3735) Fiber Bragg gratings; (060.3738) Fiber Bragg gratings, photosensitivity; (120.6810) Thermal effects; (060.2290) Fiber...

In this paper, the gain spectrum and the saturation behavior of one-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers (1-P FOPAs) are investigated by taking into account the fourth-order dispersion coefficient b4 in the analysis. The results show that it is necessary to consider b4 in the analysis when the wavelength difference between the signal and pump waves is large enough and/or whenever the pump w...