The developmental transition to flowering is timed by endogenous and environmental signals through multiple genetic pathways. In Arabidopsis, the MADS-domain protein FLOWERING LOCUS C is a potent flowering repressor. Here, we report that the FLOWERING LOCUS C clade member MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING3 acts redundantly with another clade member to directly repress expression of the florigen FLOWERIN...

Flowering in many plants is strongly influenced by daylength. Arabidopsis thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) encodes a small peptide that is now widely recognized as a major component of florigen, a systemic signal that induces flowering in response to daylength (Turck et al., 2008). FT is expressed in phloem companion cells, and the protein is translocated through the phloem to the shoot apical m...

Stomatal pores surrounded by a pair of guard cells in the plant epidermis control gas exchange for photosynthesis in response to light, CO(2), and phytohormone abscisic acid. Phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are plant blue-light receptor kinases and mediate stomatal opening via activation of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. However, the signaling mechanism from phototropins to the H(+)-ATPase has...