Giomers are hybrid dental materials with controlled fluoride release properties. The aim of this study was to characterise a new experimental flowable giomer (G) in comparison three commercial giomers: Beautifil flow Plus X F00 (B-F00), F02 (B-F02) and F03 (B-F03), Shofu, Kyoto, Japan. studied properties ion release, residual monomers mechanical data analysis performed using the ANOVA test Tuke...

We study the exclusive semileptonic B meson decays B− → D∗0 l− ν̄ and B̄0 → D∗+ l− ν̄ using data collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron-positron Storage Ring (CESR). We present measurements of the branching fractions, B(B̄0 → D∗+ l− ν̄) = (0.5/f00)[4.49 ± 0.32(stat.) ± 0.39(sys.)]% and B(B− → D∗0 l− ν̄) = (0.5/f+−)[5.13 ± 0.54(stat.) ± 0.64(sys.)]%, where f00 and f+− are the neut...

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I review empirical research on the relation between capital markets and financial statements. The principal sources of demand for capital markets research in accounting are fundamental analysis and valuation, tests of market efficiency, and the role of accounting numbers in contracts and the political process. The capital markets research topics of current interest to researchers include tests ...

Consideration of anti-terrorism policy has focused almost exclusively on deterrence that seeks to fend off terrorism by raising the costs of undertaking terrorist acts. This paper suggests an alternative approach to anti-terrorism policy that is based on reducing the expected benefits of undertaking terrorist acts to prospective terrorists rather than raising the costs of doing so. Specifically...

Much trade liberalization involves large and small countries. This paper presents a formal comparison of the economic welfare effects for the small and large country from unilateral free trade by the small country, from a free trade agreement, and from preferential access to the large country’s market. I show that it matters for the welfare effects of these strategies whether the small country ...

It has been argued in light of concessions made at Bonn and Marrakech, the market for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects will be small compared to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in developing countries and that it will be characterised by low demand and low prices. This paper examines these arguments in the context of India and the likely nature and extent of India’s involvement in CDM ...

Using recently available night lights and electricity consumption data for the 212 municipios (counties) of Veracruz state in southern Mexico, the informal economy is analyzed at the Mexican county level for the first time with such data. Most counties between 2000 and 2006 are found to have growing informal economies though the richest county, Boca Del Rio, exhibits a decline in informality su...

Emerging economies are often exposed to sudden shortages of international financial resources. Yet domestic agents do not seem to take preventive measures against these sudden stops. We highlight the central role played by the limited development of ex ante (insurance) and ex post (spot) domestic financial markets in generating this collective undervaluation of international resources. We study...

The restaurant business in Mexico is spilling about 40 million dollars a year. Domino `s Pizza is the industry leader, with a market share of 39%. His closest competitor, Pizza Hut, have the 3.9%. What do they do to compete in a market almost dominated by Domino `s Pizza? What strategy should be used Little Caesars to get a bigger market share? In the following paper, through some qualitative m...