test method facet is one of the factors which can have an influence on the test takers’ performance. the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of two different response types, multiple-choice cloze and multiple-choice test, on the pre-intermediate and intermediate test takers’ reading comprehension performance. to this end, 40 pre-intermediate and intermediate learners par...

wetlands as a situ for the growth of native plants, as a habitat for certain species of fish and aquatic birds, and because of their potential economic, cultural and recreational services, are valuable heritage so their protection and conservation is very essential. mostly due to the absence of wetlands services’ valuation, lack of special regulations, and lack of guarantee for these properties...

creating confidence in the stock market through a secure environment is one of the main achievements of stock markets in the world. in the stock markets of developed countries, there are markets which provide confidence and reduce the risks resulting from the fluctuation of share prices. these markets are called “stock transaction choice markets”. while comparing stock transaction choice contra...

It seems easy to accept that rationality involves many features that cannot be summarized in terms of some straightforward formula, such as binary consistency.  However, this recognition does not immediately lead to alternative characterizations that might be regarded as satisfactory, even though the inadequacies of the traditional assumptions of rational behavior standard used in economic theo...

the aim of this study was investigation of the factors affecting the primary choice of consumers in food purchasing in mashhad city by applying cross section data of 201 households in 2012. in this study, 56, 30, and 14% of the consumers chose healthiness of food, price of food, and taste of food, respectively, as the primary preference in food purchase. results of applying multinomial logit mo...