The indeterminate growth habit of fungal mycelial can produce massive organisms spanning kilometres, whereas the hypha, the modular building block of these structures, is only a fewmicrons in diameter. The qualitative and quantitative relationship between these scales is difficult to establishusing experimentalmethods alone anda largenumber ofmathematical models have been constructed to assist ...

As modern molecular biology moves from single molecules toward more complex multimolecular machines, the need for structural information about these assemblies grows. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (see Chapter 5) and X-ray crystallography (see Chapter 4) are well-established approaches for obtaining atomic structures of biological macromolecules, but it has become increasingly c...

In the past few years, there has been an increasing tendency in the application of formal and experimentalmethods to tackle philosophical issues.Weverymuch approve of this trend,whichweviewas part and parcel of the recent renewal of “scientific philosophy”: In our mind, the aim of a scientifically oriented philosophy is to adopt formal and experimental methods to address philosophical questions...

The conformation of polymer layers adsorbed on solid surfaces is an important concern for applications such as steric stabilization1 and controlled bridging flocculation of colloidal particles.2,3 Usually, the conformations of adsorbed homopolymer chains are described as trains, loops, and tails and can be characterized by different measurables: the bound (train) fraction of segments, the layer...

Cylindrical uraniu~ slugs are used as irradiation targets in the production reactors at the Savannah River Plant. These slugs are first chemically etched, nickel plated, encased in aluminum, inspected, and individually pressure tested. An improved process was”developed to recover the uranium from the acidic etching streams by controlling pH and the P(lqto U ratio so that the precipitation of th...

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project (http://www.genome.gov/10005107) is an international collaboration of research groups funded by the National Human Genome Research Institute, with the goal of delineating all functional elements encoded in the human genome (1). This project began in 2003with a targeted analysis of a selected 1%of the human genome. The results from the pilot proj...