A Newtonian (vectorial) approach is used to develop the governing differential equations of motion for a three layer sandwich beam in which the uniform distribution of mass and stiffness is dealt with exactly. The model allows for each layer of material to be of unequal thickness and the effects of coupled bending and longitudinal motion are accounted for. This results in an eighth order ordina...

in the present study, a spectral finite element method is developed for free and forced transverse vibration of levy-type moderately thick rectangular orthotropic plates based on first-order shear deformation theory. levy solution assumption was used to convert the two-dimensional problem into a one-dimensional problem. in the first step, the governing out-of-plane differential equations are tr...

for the nonlinear analysis of structures using the well known newton-raphson method, the tangent stiffness matrices of the elements must be constructed in each iteration. due to the high expense required to find the exact tangent stiffness matrices, researchers have developed novel innovations into the newton-raphson method to reduce the cost and time required by the analysis. in this paper, a ...

For the nonlinear analysis of structures using the well known Newton-Raphson Method, the tangent stiffness matrices of the elements must be constructed in each iteration. Due to the high expense required to find the exact tangent stiffness matrices, researchers have developed novel innovations into the Newton-Raphson method to reduce the cost and time required by the analysis. In this paper, a ...

One of the important issues in the study of steel frames is to find a suitable formulation for semi-rigid connections. In this paper, the explicit stiffness matrix for a two-dimensional beam-column element having end-flexibilities is derived. The effects of the lateral uniformly distributed load on the deflection are considered. Both tensile and compressive axial loads are also taken into accou...

a frequency domain dynamic analysis is needed to obtain the response of structures constructed on a system of base isolators on flexible soil when subjected to earthquake ground motion. in such systems, the lateral stiffness of the base isolators is so small, compared to the structural stiffness, that in an earthquake attack the fundamental vibration mode dominates the response. with this in mi...

it is well-known that dam-reservoir interaction has significant effects on the response of dams to the earthquakes. this phenomenon should be considered more exactly in the seismic design of dams with a rational and reliable dynamic analysis method. in this research, seismic analysis of the dam-reservoir is studied as a wave propagation problem by using legendre spectral element method (sem). t...

In this paper, an exact stiffness matrix and fixed-end load vector for nonprismatic beams having parabolic varying depth are derived. The principle of strain energy is used in the derivation matrix. effect both shear deformation coupling between axial force bending moment considered elements under uniformly distributed or concentrated loads also correctness derived matrices verified by numerica...