The aetiology of accommodative esotropia is hypermetropia and a high ratio of accommodative convergence to accommodation (the AC/A ratio). In a study conducted by me many years ago, the patients with accommodative esotropia were divided into those with normal AC/A and high AC/A ratios. The average hypermetropia among the former was + 4-75 D sph. in the least of the two farsighted eyes as determ...

INTRODUCTION Cyclic esotropia is a rare form of strabismus consisting of regular intervals of esotropia alternating with periods of orthophoria in a rhythmic/cyclic manner. In the vast majority of cases, surgery appears to permanently correct the esotropia, with no sequelae after years of follow-up. We report a case of consecutive exotropia in a patient five years after bilateral medial rectus ...

BACKGROUND/AIM Many children with accommodative esotropia must continue spectacle use throughout life. This study was undertaken to determine which factors are predictive of successfully weaning children with accommodative esotropia out of spectacles. METHODS A retrospective review of 10 children with accommodative esotropia, who were gradually weaned from their hyperopic correction, and thre...

Sixteen patients with moderate angle esotropia of 30 to 35 prism dioptres were treated with a unilateral medial rectus muscle recession of 6 or 6.5 mm. Thirteen of sixteen patients (80%) were straight postoperatively or had 12 prism dioptres or less of esotropia. Three of the 16 had greater than 12 prism dioptres of esotropia, and none were exotropic. This procedure should be considered as an a...

Esotropia Figure 1 shows that the patient has esotropia of the left eye or what is commonly known as a squint or strabismus. The squint is an inward squint (synonyms include convergent squint or esodeviation of the eye). Esotropia is a condition where either one or both eyes are turned inward. Congenital esotropia, often seen in infants below six years old, may give rise to amblyopia. Accommoda...

purpose: to determine the surgical results of partially accommodative esotropia (paet). methods: thirty-eight patients with paet scheduled for surgery from 2002 to 2008 were enrolled in a descriptive, analytic retrospective study. patient characteristics including age, gender, refractive error, visual acuity, pre and post operative deviation, technique of surgery and follow up duration were rec...

Acute acquired comitant esotropia has been used to describe a dramatic onset of a relatively large angle of esotropia with diplopia and minimal refractive error. We describe six children aged 5 to 11 years who developed an acute non-accommodative esotropia with diplopia. Neurological examination, including CT scan, in each of these children gave negative results. We suggest that this is an unus...

The onset of concomitant strabismus in most cases occurs during early infancy or childhood.' The two major categories of early onset concomitant esotropia are accommodative and congenital (infantile). While some disagreement exists as to the appropriate treatment of these strabismic disorders, there is general consensus that these are not usually causally related to any serious underlying neuro...

Five patients underwent a muscle union procedure with medial rectus recession. The mean preoperative esotropia in the primary position was 51.0 ± 20.1 prism diopters [PD] (range: 20 to 75 PD). The mean follow-up period was 6.2 ± 2.1 months (range: 3 to 8 months). The mean decrease in esotropia in the primary position was 49.0 ± 18.0 PD (range: 18 PD to 63 PD). The mean postoperative angle in th...

A case of acute esotropia with bilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction in a 4-year-old boy with a posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma is reported. After tumor excision, the esotropia and oblique dysfunction resolved. Acute esotropia with bilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction without abducens palsy is an unusual sign of brain stem mass.