In recent years, with the development of battery technology, hybrid electric ship (HES), as a promising solution to reduce fuel consumption and emissions, has become research hotspot. However, frequent use will accelerate aging battery, replacement scrapped increase cost ship. Therefore, it is necessary consider delaying into energy control strategy HES. The equivalent minimization (ECMS) feasi...

Equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is one of the main real-time control strategies for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This paper proposes a method to modify this strategy. This modification reduces calculation time of ECMS and therefore, facilitates its application as the real-time controller. Dynamic programming (DP) method is employed to reach this aim. This method is appli...

This paper investigates the effect of temperature on a hybrid energy storage system with various energy management systems. The hybrid energy storage system consists of a fuel cell, ultracapacitor and battery with associated DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The energy management strategies employed are the state machine control strategy, fuzzy frequency/logic decoupling strategy, minimization strate...

This paper proposes a new method for solving the energy management problem for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS). After discussing the main features of ECMS, an adaptation law of the equivalence factor used by ECMS is presented, which, using feedback of state of charge, ensures optimality of the strategy proposed. The performance of...

Analytical optimal solution to the energy management of hybrid electric vehicles is interest from theoretical and practical perspectives. Particularly, effort has been made derive analytical problem for series using Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP). However, admissibility system input was not fully explored in determining candidates. In this paper, same found by partitioning positive power ...