bacterial meningitis after spinal and epidural anesthesia is a very rare but serious complication. we report a case of meningitis developing a number of hours after a spinal block for caesarean section. no organism was grown but the csf pattern was suggestive of bacterial meningitis. severe neurological sequelae were present after three months of hospitalization. meningitis is a serious complic...

background simultaneous administration of epidural local anesthetic agents (la) and general anesthetics (intravenous or inhaled) is a common procedure in patients undergoing major operations. the effects of epidural anesthesia during combined general-epidural anesthesia on the alertness level (cgea) in the awake phase and the doses of anesthetics have been reported. objectives the present study...

conclusions despite the fact that anesthesia in chronic liver disease is a scary and pretty challenging condition for every anesthesiologist, this hazard could be diminished by meticulous attention on optimizing the patient’s condition preoperatively and choosing appropriate anesthetic regimen and drugs in this setting. although there are paucity of statistics and investigations in this specifi...

background continuous epidural analgesia with catheterization is a useful technique, because it has a wide adaptation range and provides prolonged analgesia. problems that may arise from long-term epidural analgesia are changes in the analgesic area, duration of analgesia and catheter-related problems. few articles have evaluated gradual changes of long-term epidural analgesia. in the animal mo...

results first needle placement without imaging resulted in blood return in 1/199 participants and positive epidurography in 179/199 (90%). minimal needle repositioning resulted in a positive epidurogram in the remaining 19 attempts. no intravascular injection patterns were observed. conclusions this compares favorably to published success rates of fluoroscopically-guided technique and was well ...

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in trials involving external stimulation are easily conducted under local anesthesia. However, implantation of a permanent SCS system is painful, and can be intolerable in some patients. Epidural anesthesia can be used to perform the SCS implantation without discomfort if the patient can localize the area of paresthesia. However, little is known about epidural anes...