Generally, evolution of instruments on environmental policy went through three phases, they are; (1) 1970’s,Command and Control Policy, (2) 1980’s,Market-based Policy, and (3) 1990’s, Information Disclosure, Dialogue and Cooperation Mechanism. According to the World Bank, the classification of environmental policies is expressed by four types, direct regulation, market-based measures, market cr...

What factors explain stakeholders' perceptions of scientists in environmental politics? Questionnaire data are used to examine stakeholders' views of scientific experts in the context of Lake Tahoe environmental policy from 1984 to 2001. Stakeholders' perceptions of scientists have remained the same over time - despite a shift from adversarial to collaborative policymaking and after decades of ...

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Ireland is required under section 75 of the Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992 to specify and publish quality objectives in relation to any environmental medium which the Agency considers reasonable and desirable, for the purposes of environmental protection. Soil, air and water are generally seen as the three main environmental compartments t...

Brazilian agriculture covers about one-third of the land area and is expected to expand further. We assessed the compliance of present Brazilian agriculture with environmental legislation and identified challenges for agricultural development connected to this legislation. We found (i) minor illegal land use in protected areas under public administration, (ii) a large deficit in legal reserves ...

In the early 1980s, the protectionist paradigm that had dominated conservation began losing ground. It was replaced by a notion, in the developing world especially, that poverty reduction and environmental protection should be tackled in an integrated manner (Adams 1990). Several approaches emerged, building on early attempts that can be traced back to the 1960s (Garnett et al. 2007). The promo...

The paper discusses the main problems of tourism in current China by recognizing the influence and harm of public crisis on tourism. And then the essential assumption is put forward to strengthen the environmental protection and build an effective monitoring system of tourism.

The examination of the possible direct link between environmental protection and firm performance in the literature has generally produced mixed results. The present paper contributes to the literature by using the resource-based view as a mediating process in this relationship. The study specifically tests whether or not the resource-based view of the firm mediates the positive relationships o...

One-Fifth of the population of the world live in China. China is the biggest developing country in the world. China also has a higher biodiversity and is the most abundant World Natural and Cultural Heritage country, so Chinese environmental protection is very important to the globe. China is facing the crucial period of developing the economy and protecting the environment. At present in China...

The natural environment affects the construction of desert highways. Conversely, highway construction affects the natural environment and puts the ecological environment at a disadvantage. To satisfy the variety and hierarchy of desert highway construction and discover the spatio-temporal distribution of the natural environment and its effect on highway construction engineering, an assessment o...