generalized interactions flexible acquaintances/interactions reactive capabilities pro-active capabilities

abstract given the importance of environmental cycles had led to allocation of water-right for water species and ecosystems which is known as environmental flow or in stream flow. from among the various methods for estimating environmental flow, building block approach is considered as a very powerful tool for estimating the water needs. in this paper, beside simplifying the building block appr...

the strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. in the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. however, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings requires a proper understanding regarding the features of ecosystems. although acquiring this...

sensitive coastal areas are fragile ecosystems affected by geographic features and in the same time settlements were developed around these areas due to their ecological capability. coastal ecosystems due to their countless benefits are very important for protection. hence, this paper attempts to determine the sensitivity of coastal ecosystem to disturbances in hormozgan province. we reviewed 2...

Coral reef ecosystems are exposed to a range of environmental forcings that vary on daily to decadal time scales and across spatial scales spanning from reefs to archipelagos. Environmental variability is a major determinant of reef ecosystem structure and function, including coral reef extent and growth rates, and the abundance, diversity, and morphology of reef organisms. Proper characterizat...

Many agent-based systems rely for their effectiveness on the intelligence of individual agents, and interaction among agents is required simply to coordinate these individually complex decisions. Specification and design methods for such systems focus on the internal architecture of individual agents. An alternative approach, “Synthetic Ecosystems,” uses relatively simple agents and draws heavi...

Most rivers worldwide are highly regulated by anthropogenic activities through flow regulation and water pollution. Environmental flow regulation is used to reduce the effects of anthropogenic activities on aquatic ecosystems. Formulating flow alteration-ecological response relationships is a key factor in environmental flow assessment. Traditional environmental flow models are characterized by...

The aim of this research was to investigate the environmental impacts of olive fruit production under different orchard size and upon organic and common agro-systems through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology in Rudbar region, Guilan province, northern Iran. The data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interview with 305 olive growers in the study region. ...