From January, 1984 to March, 1999, 73 children under 15 y old (ages 1-14 y, median 9 y) were admitted after being bitten by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Twenty-six percent of the children were classified as mild envenoming, 50.7% as moderate envenoming and 20.6% as severe envenoming. Two patients (2.7%) showed no signs of envenoming. Most of the patients presented local manifestations, mainly ...

Death due to scorpion envenoming syndrome is a common event in tropical and subtropical countries. Severe scorpion envenoming causes autonomic storm, massive release of catecholamines, counter-regulatory hormones, suppressed insulin/hyperinsulinemia, acute myocarditis, hyperglycemia, increased free fatty Acid levels, acute pancreatitis, disseminated intra-vascular coagulation, acute pulmonary o...

BACKGROUND The 20-min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) is widely used for the identification of coagulopathy in snake envenoming, but its performance in practice has not been evaluated. AIM We aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of the WBCT20 for coagulopathy in Russell's viper envenoming. DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Adult patients with snake envenoming were ...

BACKGROUND Echis carinatus (Saw scaled viper {SSV}) is a venomous snake found in the parts of Middle East and Central Asia. SSV envenoming is characterized by local swelling and coagulopathy. Various bleeding manifestations are commonly seen with SSV envenoming. In contrast to other part of Asia, saw scale viper envenoming has not been reported to cause life threatening haemorrhagic manifestati...

BACKGROUND Ceylon krait (Bungarus ceylonicus) is a venomous elapid snake endemic to Sri Lanka. It inhabits shaded home gardens and forests in the wet zone of Sri Lanka and might creep into houses in the night. Despite frequent encounters with humans, reports of envenoming are very rare. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of a 26-year-old Sri Lankan Sinhalese man with confirmed Ceylon krait en...

BACKGROUND Snakebite envenoming is a major public health problem throughout the rural tropics. Antivenom is effective in reducing mortality and remains the mainstay of therapy. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of using effective antivenoms for Snakebite envenoming in Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Economic analysis was conducted from a public healthcare system perspective. Estimates...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the doses of antivenom administered to adult patients with severe brown snake envenoming. DESIGN AND SETTING Review of charts from Western Australian adult teaching hospitals, December 1991 to December 2001. PATIENTS 35 patients with severe brown snake envenoming, defined prospectively as afibrinogenaemia (< 0.3 g/L) after a bite by a brown snake (genus Pseudonaja)....

Systemic bleeding due to consumption coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia due to activation of procoagulants is the leading manifestation and cause of death in Russell's viper systemic envenoming. Thrombotic occlusion of the blood vessels is rare in cases of snakebite. In this report, two adult patients with Russell's viper systemic envenoming presented multiple cerebral infarctions, digital gangr...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features and laboratory findings in patients with definite red-bellied black snake (RBBS; Pseudechis porphyriacus) bites, including correlation with results of venom assays. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING Prospective cohort study of patients with definite RBBS bites, recruited to the Australian Snakebite Project from January 2002 to June 2010. MAIN OUTCOME M...