the eighteenth century enlightenment is one of the most important foundations of the modern culture and thecontemporary western philosophy can be regarded as a dialogue between the enlightenment and its critics. although the roots of the enlightenment can be traced to the late middle ages and even before, but it is in kant’s “what is enlightenment?” (and implicitly in his critical trilogy and p...

The purpose of this paper is to consider why Scottish Enlightenment thought should have generated a particular theory of economic development. We explore the particular context of the Scottish Enlightenment, focusing both on understandings of cultural difference within Scotland, and the particular content of Gaelic culture, as influencing the character of Scottish Enlightenment thought. The spe...

In his essay, "Faith and Enlightenment," James Doull makes a case for the view that the faith of the Protestant Reformation and the "pure insight" of Enlightenment are but "two opposed forms of the same totality." Despite the often deadly hostility of Enlightenment to traditional religious belief, the form of consciousness which arose alternately with Lutheranism in the sixteenth century and wi...

The enlightenment from Zen’s perspective is the experiences of action that reveal a horizon of new consciousness. This event of enlightenment is the process of action rather than the outcome of action. Therefore, actions are not just the means to enlightenment but the very core of it. The actions of enlightenment from Zen’s perspective cannot be adequately described and explained in logical ter...

this paper is referred to a community of influential and rather elite intellectuals who are influenced by the heideggerian approach in their understanding of iran’s position in the world and its history since the 1950s. the reference is equally to a much larger group of iranian intellectuals in post-revolutionary iran, some embrace heideggerian thoughts from a religious perspective, and others ...

The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the interpretation of the Enlightenment which has recently been proposed by Jonathan Israel, with the focus on its philosophical aspect as opposed to the historical one. The paper consists of two parts. The task of the first part is reconstructive: it attempts to explore Israel’s most characteristic statements concerning the Enlightenment. The seco...

Peter the Great brought technological enlightenment to Russia. In his lifetime, two special schools for training engineers were established, the Engineering School in 1700, and the Mathematical-Navigation School in 1701. Peter the Great introduced engineering training into other institutions as well, not only into the Naval Academy, but also regimental schools and even religious colleges. (See ...