research topics dealing with the application of the markal model have been quite common in the last 20+ years. every new paper has added new insight into the potential of using such a model for a variety of purposes. not only global but also local applications have shown both limits and benefits when dealing with manifold energy-environmental-resources optimal management. the aim of this wo...

The formulation and evaluation of renewable energy policies is a burning subject matter all over the globe. Policy makers seek to cautiously perceive information from the renewable energy market place so as to determine the dynamic factors, variables and policy parameters that influence the design of renewable energy policies. The perceived information is often imprecise or fuzzy, which makes p...

The use of complexity science in evaluation has received growing attention over the last 20 years. We present a novel complexity-appropriate method – Participatory Systems Mapping two real-world contexts and consider how this can be applied more widely evaluation. involves production causal map system by diverse set stakeholders. map, once refined validated, analysed used variety ways an or pla...

Many studies identify energy efficiency as the most important and least costly option for reducing CO2-emissions while at the same time contributing to other policy objectives. The main challenge seems to be how to design, implement and evaluate policy to ensure that these opportunities are captured and policy perceived as legitimate. There is often a gap between rhetoric or broadly stated obje...

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the aim of this paper is to assess the adaptation of iran’s energy policies to the kyoto protocol. in the past two decades, iran has experienced a considerable increase in greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions; in 2013 it was the world’s ninth largest emitter. although adapting to this protocol in iran’s energy and climate policies seems vital and urgent, its recent status is not promising. this paper...

Live Virtual Machine (VM) consolidation is an effective method of improving energy-efficiency level in green data centers. Currently, to evaluate energy consumption in green data centers, energy-efficiency evaluation model with CPU utilization rate has been proposed. However, it is not suitable for dataintensive computing due to great energy consumption by GPU-intensive processing. In this pape...