in iran the mainstreaming tool for integrating environmental concerns into energy sector is an energy-environment review (eer-iran). this paper comprises: (i) an analysis of the current situation with regards to energy production and consumption; (ii) an evaluation of the growth prospects with regard to energy production and consumption; (iii) the identification of environmental issues induced ...

the method of entropy production minimization for finding energy efficient paths of operation of process equipment is first presented using an instructive example with optimal control theory. with refer-ence to the earlier investigations, the researchers present some design rules that relate to the designs’ en-tropy production. minimum entropy production is not obtained in special cases, not ge...

using photovoltaic systems is gradually expanded by increasing energy demand. abundance and availability of this energy, has turned to one of the most important sources of renewable energy. unfortunately, photovoltaic systems have two big problems: first, those have very low energy conversion efficiency (in act between 12 and 42 percent under certain circumstances). second, the power produced b...

this paper applied a non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful uses of energy in order to optimize the energy inputs for greenhouse cucumber production in lorestan province of iran. data were collected from 27 cucumber producers by using a face-to-face questionnaire.dea cr...

energy is considered as an important input for agricultural products. a decrease in energy subsidy and its demand reduces agricultural outputs and raises the production costs. changes in production and costs may significantly affect welfare of the agricultural producers. the main objective of this study was to analyze the impact of increased energy prices (reduction in the subsidy) on the agric...

production subsidies, as a part of the strategy of economic growth of the agricultural sector, are of great importance around the world. subsidizing production inputs, particularly energy input, is another way of directing subsidy to the agricultural sector. in this research, production function of the agricultural sector was estimated using econometric methods and time series data. after calcu...

sustainable development of the production in every region requires consideration of energy flow in the production system, moreover, investigating the production system inputs from environmental management point of view is of high importance. in this study energy use and greenhouse gas emissions is investigated. data were collected through interviews with 75 tea farmers and comparing the results...

as one of the most important products of iran, pistachio has a significant share in non-oil revenues. its annual foreign exchange earnings are over 800 million dollars. however, production of this nut in the country’s major production centers is faced with many problems regarding the efficiency and productivity of the inputs. this study was performed by using two-stage cluster sampling method. ...

the aims of this study were to assess the energy and economic flows of biodiesel production from olive pomace oil using transesterification method with ultrasound waves. for this purpose biodiesel production from this feedstock were examined through a life-cycle process with considering five main stages of agricultural production, transportation, olive oil extraction, pomace oil extraction and ...