background: the acute phase response is beneficial to theanimal in restoring homeostasis, and measuring the circulatingacute phase proteins, cytokines, and enzymes can be used toevaluate the innate immune system's responses to invader agentssuch as bacterial lipopolysaccharide. measurement of theseparameters has shown to be useful as diagnostic and prognosticmarkers in animal endotoxemia. objec...

BACKGROUND: The acute phase response is beneficial to theanimal in restoring homeostasis, and measuring the circulatingacute phase proteins, cytokines, and enzymes can be used toevaluate the innate immune system's responses to invader agentssuch as bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Measurement of theseparameters has shown to be useful as diagnostic and prognosticmarkers in animal endotoxemia. OBJEC...

Introduction: Beat-to-beat variation in heart rate shows a complex dynamics, and this complexity is changed during systemic inflammatory response syndrome (e.g. sepsis). It is not known whether or not cardiac pacemaker dynamical rhythm is affected by sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate heart rate dynamics of isolated heart as well as expression of pacemaker channels (HCN) in a r...

INTRODUCTION The reduction in the capacity of insulin to reach its biological effects can lead to a chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, assuming an important role in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders associated to obesity and diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated to chronic subclinical inflammation, which in part can be mediated by increased plasmatic lipopolysaccharide level...

Fractalkine is a unique chemokine that functions as a chemoattractant as well as an adhesion molecule on endothelial cells activated by proinflammatory cytokines. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring dithiol compound, is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial bioenergetic enzymes. LA improves glycemic control, reduces diabetic polyneuropathies, and mitigates toxicity associated with h...

OBJECTIVES Annexin A5 is a 35-kDa protein with high affinity binding to negatively charged phospholipids. However, its effects on sepsis are not known. Our aim was to study the effects of annexin A5 on myocardial tumor necrosis factor-α expression, cardiac function, and animal survival in endotoxemia. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University laboratory. SUBJECTS Adult mal...

Endotoxemia is a common and life threatening inflammatory condition in calves which can lead to shock, multiple organ dysfunction, and immunosuppression and biochemical dyshomeostasis. In order to correct peripheral perfusion and metabolic disturbances, hypertonic fluids are recommended as part of treatment. The aim of the present study was to determine the resuscitating effects of hypertonic s...

BACKGROUND The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) regulates a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response to critical illness. The intestinal mucosa plays an active role in the inflammatory and metabolic response to sepsis and endotoxemia, but it is not known if NF-kappaB is activated in the mucosa during these conditions. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis t...

An important problem of treating patients with endotoxemia is to find drugs to reduce the negative effects of endotoxin on the organism. We tested fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) from the brown alga Fucus evanescens as a potential drug in a mouse model of endotoxemia inducted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The survival time of mice injected with LPS increased under fucoidan treatment compared ...

Introduction Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the membrane of gram negative bacilli, and is known to be one of the most potent activators of the inflammatory response in humans. In patients subjected to cardiac surgery, transient endotoxemia has been shown in many occasions, which seems to be closely related to extracorporeal circulation. The magnitude of endotoxemia, the high risk criteria...