Citation: Ogburn SE and Calder ES (2017) The Relative Effectiveness of Empirical and Physical Models for Simulating the Dense Undercurrent of Pyroclastic Flows under Different Emplacement Conditions. Front. Earth Sci. 5:83. doi: 10.3389/feart.2017.00083 The Relative Effectiveness of Empirical and Physical Models for Simulating the Dense Undercurrent of Pyroclastic Flows under Different Emplacem...

The analysis of Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is a powerful and rapid technique to examine the preferred orientations of mineral (magnetic) fabrics and can indicate the nature of a magma transport (vertical or lateral). The relationship between magnetic fabric and geometry of a dyke swarm enables us to understand magma emplacement processes. Depending on the mutual relationship of...

Diamonds formed during the Proterozoic and Archaean and are in-homogenously distributed in the mantle below Archaean cratons. Kimberlite magmas usually form well within the diamond stability field and physically incorporate seemingly random amounts of diamonds during their ascent through the mantle. The diamond content of a kimberlite magma arriving at the earth’s surface is defined by ascent p...

Sahagian et al. (2002a, 2002b) have developed a methodology for determining paleoelevations of highlands using observed vesicularities of lava flows. Since vesicular lavas preserve a record of paleoatmospheric pressure during the time of emplacement, they can be used to directly infer paleoelevations. Their model could act as a powerful tool, particularly in view of the uncertainties induced by...

Felsic magma commonly pools within shallow mushroom-shaped magmatic intrusions, so-called laccoliths or cryptodomes, which can cause both explosive eruptions and collapse of the volcanic edifice. Deformation during laccolith emplacement is primarily considered to occur in the host rock. However, shallowly emplaced laccoliths (cryptodomes) show extensive internal deformation. While deformation o...

Pumices, ashes, and tuffs from Mt. St. Helens and from Novarupta contain two principal forms of titanomagnetite: homogeneous grains with Curie temperatures in the range 350–500 C and oxyexsolved grains with similar bulk composition, containing ilmenite lamellae and having Curie temperatures above 500 C. Thermomagnetic analyses and isothermal annealing experiments in combination with stratigraph...

The morphology of subaqueous landslide deposits is seldom analyzed quantitatively or at least semi-quantitatively with regard to the dynamics of the flow. However, the peculiar morphology of the deposits can reveal information on the mechanics of propagation of the mass movement and on the mechanism of emplacement. Horseshoeshaped deposits and oriented blocks are two peculiar morphologies of su...

At low temperatures (<750 °C at moderate to high crustal pressures), the production of suffi cient melt to reach the melt connectivity transition (~7 vol%), enabling melt drainage, requires an infl ux of aqueous fl uid along structurally controlled pathways or recycling of fl uid via migration of melt and exsolution during crystallization. At higher temperatures, melting occurs by fl uid-absent...

Introduction: Lunar pyroclastic deposits can be subdivided into several modes of occurrence [1], suggesting different modes of emplacement. For example, some smaller pyroclastic deposits have been interpreted to have erupted during strombolian/hawaiian activity [2], while others are linked to vulcanian activity related to dike and sill emplacement below crater floors [3,4]. The largest pyroclas...