This article intends to clarify views regarding important challenges that have originated from the political, social, cultural and geopolitical structures in the elections systems of Persian Gulf Arab countries. Challenges that determine the compatibility levels of elections systems of these countries with the world’s democratic systems. An efficient elections system is the prerequisite for the...

in france, parliamentary elections are divided into two elections: the elections for the representatives of the national assembly and the elections for the senators of the senate. the french constitution council is a competent body to supervise these national and political elections through dealing with complaints and deciding about complaints raised in connection with these elections. the coun...

This paper compares voter behavior in local and national elections to make inferences about whether voters are more vigilant in monitoring the more local level of government. Vigilance is defined as retrospective voting where voters evaluate incumbents based on their overall performance during the entire term in office. We contrast voter behavior in state legislative assembly elections in India...

Although low voter turnout in national elections has garnered considerable attention and concern, much lower turnout in municipal elections has often been largely ignored. Using a survey of cities in California, this article examines a series of institutional remedies to low turnout in mayoral and city council elections. Moving local elections to coincide with the dates of national elections wo...

Our paper contributes to the interdisciplinary foundations for legally binding online elections in Germany. We focus on long-term retention of election documents as this is an issue of vital importance in terms of verifying the legitimacy of an election. With regard to conventional paper-based elections, specific documents have to be retained (for example the ballots or the voters’ register) fo...

Do elections cause violence? Some scholars point to higher levels of unrest around elections, especially in developing countries, to assert that elections cause political violence. We develop a formal model to demonstrate that this conclusion is unfounded. In our baseline model, violence is more effective in electoral periods, leading to a spike in fighting surrounding elections. However, the p...

As in 1999 and 2003, the 2007 elections for Scottish local councils were held on the same day (May 3 rd ) as the Scottish Parliament elections. This was despite the fact that in the interim the Arbuthnott Commission, set up to report on elections in Scotland, had firmly recommended the ‘decoupling’ of the two sets of elections (Commission on Boundary Differences and Voting Systems, 2006, pp. 48...

Presidential elections with few candidates held in temporal proximity to legislative elections are believed to promote the nationalization and consolidation of the legislative party system. However, contrary to the existing literature, we argue here that the shadow presidential elections cast over legislative elections is contingent upon the relative powers of the president vis-à-vis the legisl...

Recent research reveals that many NP-hard voting problems in general become polynomial-time solvable in single-peaked elections. In contrast to these results, we prove for the first time that constructive control by adding/deleting votes for Borda are NP-hard even in single-peaked elections. On the other side, we prove that constructive control by adding/deleting votes/candidates for Borda are ...