Email: [email protected] Abstract: In the game of chess, the queen can attack any piece that lies on the same row, on the same column, or along a diagonal. The eight-queens is a classic logic puzzle. The task is to place eight queens on a chessboard in such a fashion that no queen can attack any other queen. The eight-queen puzzle is often used to illustrate problem-solving or backtrack...

This paper compares the performance of popular AI techniques, namely the Breadth First Search, Depth First Search, A* Search, Greedy Best First Search and the Hill Climbing Search in approaching the solution of a N-Puzzle of size 8, on a 3x3 matrix board and for the solution of the classic 8 Queen Puzzle. It looks at the complexity of each algorithm as it tries to approaches the solution in ord...

We def ine a faster algorithm functionally equivalent to the classical backtrack algorithm for assignment p rob lems , of wh ich the Eight Queens puzzle is an e l emen ta r y example (Fi l lmore & Williamson 1974, Knuth 1975 ] . Exper imental measurements (f igure 1) reveal r educ t i on by a factor of 2.5 for the 8-queens puzzle ( fac to r of 8.7 for 16 queens) in T, the number of pairtests p ...

Coloring graphs is one of important and frequently used topics in diverse sciences. In the majority of the articles, it is intended to find a proper bound for vertex coloring, edge coloring or total coloring in the graph. Although it is important to find a proper algorithm for graph coloring, it is hard and time-consuming too. In this paper, a new algorithm for vertex coloring, edge coloring an...

strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.) is a good source of natural antioxidants. fruits from eight strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.) cultivars (‘kurdistan’, ‘merck’, ‘camarosa’, ‘paros’, ‘queen elisa’, ‘ventana’, ‘selva’ and ‘pajaro’) were harvested at ripen stage and analyzed for total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, vitamin c, total soluble solid and total antioxidant activity. ...

Asexuality has major theoretical advantages over sexual reproduction. An important evolutionary puzzle, therefore, is why exclusively asexual metazoan lineages rarely endure. The Red Queen hypothesis posits that asexuality is rapidly extinguished by relentlessly coevolving parasites and pathogens. If so, any long-lasting asexual lineage must have unusual alternative mechanisms to deal with thes...

In eusocial organisms, some individuals specialize in reproduction and others in altruistic helping. The evolution of eusociality is, therefore, also the evolution of remarkable inequality. For example, a colony of honeybees (Apis mellifera) may contain 50 000 females all of whom can lay eggs. But 100 per cent of the females and 99.9 per cent of the males are offspring of the queen. How did suc...

By using a functional genomics approach, we have identified a honey bee [Apis mellifera (Am)] odorant receptor (Or) for the queen substance 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA). Honey bees live in large eusocial colonies in which a single queen is responsible for reproduction, several thousand sterile female worker bees complete a myriad of tasks to maintain the colony, and several hundred male drones...