Many states, or rather their leaders and officials, routinely violate the fundamental human rights of both their compatriots or outsiders. Faced with this depressing catalogue of abuses, the international community’s response of choice consists in imposing economic sanctions on wrongdoers. The relatively scant philosophical literature on the topic tackles primary sanctions where the sanctioning...

unbalanced multilateralism should be considered as a part of the west world’s strategic policy to confine iran’s economic and international capabilities. indications of unbalanced multilateralism in iran’s economic sanction policymaking are focused on executive mechanisms and america and eu’s legislative bodies. although america and eu have relatively identical strategic objectives toward islam...

economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...

Over the years, Soviet and post-Soviet Russian legal practice has responded to foreign international economic sanctions reactively. As a rule, Russia not initiated as an assertive measure against other countries, will apply authorized by organization of which it is member for voted, retaliates almost reflexively imposed others specifically Russia, seemingly with little regard self-imposed conse...

Abstract This article focuses on the legality of unilateral economic sanctions that consist in non-performance obligations field relations under relevant applicable treaties, and role international adjudicative bodies can play drawing a line between legal illegal sanctions. It revisits scarce litigation before ICJ WTO , pinpointing grey areas law to sanctions, which further clarification is nee...

This essay reviews the literature and origins of the targeted sanctions framework. The development of smart sanctions has solved many of the political problems that prior efforts at comprehensive trade sanctions had created. In so doing, the idea of smart sanctions served as a useful focal point for policy coordination among key stakeholders. Nevertheless, there is no systematic evidence that s...

Abstract: The aim of international economic sanctions is imposing economic restrictions on target countries. In order to decrease the sanctions negative brunt on citizenry and make it ineffective, government may respond to sanctions through policies such as increasing the supply of public goods. This paper studies the regime changes of government expenditures in Iranian economy in response to e...

Economic sanctions have the reputation of harming the population in the sanctioned countries. In this paper, I investigate under what circumstances such harm occurs and what is its magnitude. I estimate the impact of in utero exposure to sanctions episodes on infant weight, child height, and child mortality. Using a large child level data set from 69 countries, I …nd that being exposed to sanct...