Most global optimization problems are nonlinear and thus difficult to solve, and they become even more challenging when uncertainties are present in objective functions and constraints. This paper provides a new two-stage hybrid search method, called Eagle Strategy, for stochastic optimization. This strategy intends to combine the random search using Lévy walk with the firefly algorithm in an i...

The prime aspect of solving Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Problem (ORPD) is to minimize the real power loss and also to keep the voltage profile within the limits. For any metaheuristic search algorithm, it is very significant to poise exploration and exploitation because the communication of these two key mechanisms can drastically affect the efficiency of the search. To explore this challen...

A bunch of factors including the limited fossil resources and rising of fossil fuel price have been causes moving to create the new structure that is based on providing energy security, and protect the environment. One of the alternatives is the fuel cell (FC). Maximum power point tracker has an important role to increase the efficiency of the FC systems. One of the difficulties in maximum powe...

Conservation of species threatened with imminent extinction may require drastic measures that can be emotionally charged, politically unsavory, and legally challenging. A complex example relates to the decline of the island fox (Urocyon littoralis), endemic to the California Channel Islands, off the coast of the United States. The island fox exists as six subspecies, each found on a separate is...

We isolated and characterized the eagle gene, encoding a member of the steroid receptor superfamily in Drosophila. In the central nervous system eagle RNA was expressed in a limited number of cells. During stages 10 and 11, eagle RNA expression was observed in four neuroblasts, NB2-4, NB3-3, NB6-4 and NB7-3. Except for NB6-4, eagle RNA expression reached a maximum at the very beginning of expre...

We propose a new method to constrain the location of microlensing objects using EAGLE (Extremely Amplified Gravitational LEnsing) events. We have estimated the rate of EAGLE events by taking the finite-source effect into account. We found that the EAGLE event rate for using a 1-m class telescope whose limiting magnitude is V ∼ 21 is the same as or higher than that of the ordinary microlensing e...