PURPOSE Molecular analysis of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions and ductal adenocarcinoma suggested a multistage paradigm for pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis. This study investigated the molecular basis for the neoplastic duct cells in this pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia-carcinoma sequence to acquire progressive enhancement of their proliferative potential. EXPERIMENTAL D...

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinomas may arise either in large primary periurethral prostatic ducts or in the peripheral prostatic ducts. Ductal adenocarcinomas are composed of tall columnar cells arranged in cribriform, papillary, solid, single glands, and PIN-like patterns. Other than the prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like ductal pattern, which behaves like Gleason pattern 3, ductal a...

In an original article published recently in The Breast, Galimberti et al, of the European Institute of Oncology in Milan, Italy, argue the reasons for adopting the IDN / ILN system nomenclature for carcinoma in situ in breast lesions. The term IDN (intraepithelial ductal neoplasia) was coined by Tavassoli in 1998 and shortly thereafter was proposed ILN (lobular intraepithelial neoplasia), as a...

PURPOSE Antitumor immune response changes drastically during the progression of cancers. Established cancers often escape from the host immune system, although specific immune surveillance operates in the early stages of tumorigenesis in murine models. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (TR) play a central role in self-tolerance and suppress effective antitumor immune responses. The aim of this study...

A 64-year-old man with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 5·74 ng/mL, no lower urinary symptoms, and family history prostate cancer presented at our clinic University College London Hospital (London, UK) in April, 2018. Axial T2-weighted MRI the showed multicystic lesion (PSA density 0·07 ng/mL/mL), MRI-targeted biopsies Gleason 3 + adenocarcinoma (Gleason Grade Group 1) prostatic intraepithe...

The transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells to a ductal phenotype (acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, ADM) occurs after injury or inflammation of the pancreas and is a reversible process. However, in the presence of activating Kras mutations or persistent epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) signalling, cells that underwent ADM can progress to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) ...

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation has significant impact on early cancer detection and intervention. To define the role of KLF4 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) initiation, we used molecular biological analyses and mouse models of klf4 gain- and loss-of-function and mutant Kras. KLF4 is upregulated in and required for acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Klf4 ablation ...

Morphological criteria for the diagnosis of intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast have been an object of research and much controversy, and its terminology is rather confusing. Knowledge of the molecular aspects of this disease probably necessitates further research to clarify if these entities can be identified as breast cancer precursors or as a malignant preinvasive disease. These ...