This paper investigates the Stackelberg equilibrium for pricing and ordering decisions in a dominant retailer dual-channel supply chain. In a dual-channel sales network, the products are sold through both a traditional, physical retailer and a direct Internet channel. It is assumed that the retailer is the leader and the powerful member of the supply chain has the market power and acts as a lea...

We examine a manufacturer’s pricing strategies in a dual-channel supply chain, in which the manufacturer is a Stackelberg leader and the retailer is a follower. We show the conditions under which the manufacturer and the retailer both prefer a dual-channel supply chain. We examine the coordination schemes for a dual-channel supply chain and find that a manufacturer’s contract with a wholesale p...

A dual-channel supply chain system composed of one manufacturer and one retailer is considered in this paper, which existed uncertainty demands in both distribution channels and capital constraint on retailer. It set up the profit model of manufacturer dominated dual-channel supply chain system, studied to the optimal pricing and inventory strategies of decentralized and centralized supply chai...

Environmental and social responsibilities have led many manufacturers to used products recovery. Meanwhile, many manufacturers nowadays sell products via indirect retailer channels and direct Internet channels. This paper models a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain to improve the sustainability of products. We apply the two-stage optimization technique and the Nash game to examine the impact...

With the rapid development of electronic commerce, many manufacturers choose to establish dualchannel supply chains. To promote sales, the manufacturer in a dual-channel supply chain usually invests in national advertising and provides support to the retailer who promotes the goodwill through local advertisement. In our research, we use a Stackelberg differential game theoretic model to show th...

In this study, the implications of the government’s tariffs on optimal pricing decisions in a dual-channel SC with one manufacturer and one retailer by taking into account the retailer services are examined. First, the best response strategies of retailer and manufacturer have obtained following the government’s tariffs by using a Stackelberg game model. Then, the government problem has modeled...

This paper investigates a dual-channel supply chain in which manufacturer sells the product via an offline retailer or online store. The sets wholesale and price, decides retail price with retailer’s fairness preference consumer’s channel preference. Through investigating combined impacts of on enterprises’ operational strategies, this obtains some meaningful results. If thinks over preference,...

the advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. in this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. the system receives st...