background: restless and violent behaviors are common in emergency departments (eds), which need therapeutic interventions in most of the times. the first-generation anti-psychotic drugs are one of the most applicable therapeutic agents in the management of such patients, but their use has some limitations. some studies suggest midazolam as an alternative medicine. therefore, this study was per...

conclusions the major risk factor of hcv infection was injection drug use. the patient’s awareness of his or her hcv status had a minor effect in reduction of illicit drug use and improvement in mmt retention. therefore, adequate counseling is necessary for drug users in mmt clinics in xi’an. background hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection rates in drug users vary among different regions of china....

despite extensive evidence for cognitive deficits associated with drug use and multiple publications supporting the efficacy of cognitive rehabilitation treatment (crt) services for drug addictions, there are a few well-structured tools and organized programs to improve cognitive abilities in substance users. most published studies on cognitive rehabilitation for drug dependent patients used re...

conclusions in the initial treatment, it seems necessary to supervise and monitor the treatment process through staff in addiction treatment centers together with the company of the addicts’ families to reduce relapse rate. results the relapse rate was 30.42%, mean and median of the time to relapse (survival time) were 27.40 ± 1.63 months (ci 95%: 24.19 - 30.60) and 25 ± 2.25 months (ci 95%: 22...

human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) protease inhibitors comprise an important class of drugs used in hiv treatments. however, mutations of protease genes accelerated by low fidelity of reverse transcriptase yield drug resistant mutants of reduced affinities for the inhibitors. this problem is considered to be a serious barrier against hiv treatment for the foreseeable future. in this st...

abstract background: the introduction of antiretroviral therapy has caused a remarkable decrease in the occurrence of diseases and mortality among hiv‑positive patients, while this success has not been achieved among injection addicts due to a low adherence to antiretroviral medicine. this study aims at clarifying the important factors affecting adherence to treatment in addicts suffering from ...

background: this study aimed at determining the drug abuse pattern and the frequency of high-risk behaviors among the clients of methadone maintenance treatment centers and drop-in centers in shahroud county of semnan province. methods: in this cross-sectional study, the data collection tool was a questionnaire including 10 general and 32 specific items about drug abuse pattern and high-risk be...