In many cases of heavy earthquakes, liquefaction has resulted in serious damages. Existing anisotropy in soil layers results  in some difficulties to realize the reason for these phenomena. Loose sand lenses buried in fine soils are one of the cases which may result in these problems and as a weak point during the earthquake can cause this phenomenon. In this paper, using FLAC 2D software, doub...

The analysis of the shear induced by a single cluster, acting as a gravitational lens, on the images of a large number of background galaxies is all centered around the curl-free character of a well-known vector field that can be derived from the data; in particular, the mass reconstruction methods, currently producing many interesting astrophysical applications, are all based on this tensorial...

An 80-year-old man had intraoperative loss of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the vitreous and simultaneous implantation of an anterior chamber lens. For the first 3 years his course was uncomplicated, but after this time he noted monocular double vision. The IOL in the vitreous had moved into the optic axis of the eye. The case presented here underlines the possibility of complications occurring ...

We have theoretically investigated 3D focusing of a launched cloud of cold atoms using a pair of magnetic lens pulses (the alternate-gradient method). Individual lenses focus radially and defocus axially or vice-versa. The performance of the two possible pulse sequences are compared and found to be ideal for loading both ‘pancake’ and ‘sausage’ shaped magnetic/optical microtraps. It is shown th...

PURPOSE To determine the roles of intercellular communication in embryonic eye growth and development, mice with a targeted deletion of the Cx43 gene were examined, and mice without both Cx43 and Cx50 were generated and analyzed. METHODS Embryonic eyes and lenses from wild-type mice, or mice deficient in Cx43, Cx50, or both Cx43 and Cx50 were collected and analyzed structurally by light and e...

Micro-scale optical components capable of on-demand reconfiguration of their internal morphology and composition would enable unprecedented control of light propogation on the microscale. Double emulsions formed from immiscible hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons offer a promising platform as reconfigurable micro-optical lenses. These droplet-based lenses can be reconfigured to strongly focusing, ne...

A method is presented for measuring the modulation transfer function of ophthalmic lenses by use of the generation of laser speckle with an integrating sphere. The measurements are performed with a rectangular double-slit aperture positioned at the output port of the integrating sphere. The distance between the lens and the detector determines the spatial frequency being tested; therefore high ...

When net accumulation of radioactive potassium by the lens is followed, it is found that at least 85 per cent of lens potassium is available for exchange. A method is presented for determining the rate of potassium exchange across the lens. Rat, rabbit, and calf lenses show rates of 22, 6, and 3 per cent per hour, respectively. While the exchange rate is clearly related to the size of the lens,...