introduction: the complex geometry of breast and also lung and heart inhomogeneities near the planning target volume (ptv) result in perturbations in dose distribution. this problem can result in overdosage or underdosage in the match region of the three treatment fields. the purpose of this study is to create a homogeneous dose distribution in the match region between the supraclavicular and t...

The segmentation in medical images especially in the field of MR image is a challenging task in the presence of intensity inhomogenity. So many techniques have been devised to correct this artifact. The intensity inhomogenity also known as intensity non uniformity refers to the slow, non atomic intensity variations of the same tissue over the image domain. This paper attempts to review some of ...

Biometrics is used for authentication purpose. Among the various types of biometrics, fingerprint is the most widely accepted biometrics. Biometric systems have several advantages when compared to classical methods such as passwords. Biometric system is vulnerable to various types of attacks. This paper proposes a method to avoid the sensor level attack. This method uses limited ring wedge spec...

In this paper we extend Chandrasekhar and von Neumann’s analysis of the statistics of the gravitational field to systems in which particles (e.g. stars, galaxies) are not homogeneously distributed. We derive a distribution function W (F, dF/dt) giving the joint probability that a test particle is subject to a force F and an associated rate of change of F given by dF/dt. We calculate the first m...

In this paper we extend Chandrasekhar and von Neumann’s analysis of the statistics of the gravitational field to systems in which particles (e.g. stars, galaxies) are not homogeneously distributed. We derive a distribution function W (F, dF/dt) giving the joint probability that a test particle is subject to a force F and an associated rate of change of F given by dF/dt. We calculate the first m...

BACKGROUND Most of the current brachytherapy treatment planning systems (TPS) use the TG-43U1 recommendations for dosimetry in water phantom, not considering the heterogeneity effects. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is developing a method for obtaining correction factors for heterogeneity for Cs-137 brachytherapy sources based on pre-calculated MC simulations and interpolation. METHOD ...

Background: Most of the current brachytherapy treatment planning systems (TPS) use the TG-43U1 recommendations for dosimetry in water phantom, not considering the heterogeneity effects.Objective: The purpose of this study is developing a method for obtaining correction factors for heterogeneity for Cs-137 brachytherapy sources based on pre-calculated MC simulations and interpolation.Method: To ...

background: most of the current brachytherapy treatment planning systems (tps) use the tg-43u1 recommendations for dosimetry in water phantom, not considering the heterogeneity effects. objective: the purpose of this study is developing a method for obtaining correction factors for heterogeneity for cs-137 brachytherapy sources based on pre-calculated mc simulations and interpolation. method: t...