there have been numerous efforts to formulate insulin into an oral dosage form. the major problems involved with the oral administration of insulin are acidic and enzymatic decomposition by the gastric medium, and poor absorption in the small intestine due to its macromolecular structure. this study attempted to test the enhancing ability of two absorption enhancers, sodium glycocholate (na-gc)...

Evaluated in this study were the effects of the two parameters, namely level of penetration enhancer and drug loading dose, on in vitro skin release of Caffeine and vitamin B5 and adhesion properties of drug in adhesive transdermal systems. In order to characterize in vitro drug release, a hydrodynamically Chien permeation system with rat abdominal skin was employed. Caffeine skin release rate ...

Otx2 expression in the forebrain and midbrain was found to be regulated by two distinct enhancers (FM and FM2) located at 75 kb 5' upstream and 115 kb 3' downstream. The activities of these two enhancers were absent in anterior neuroectoderm earlier than E8.0; however, at E9.5 their regions of activity spanned the entire mesencephalon and diencephalon with their caudal limits at the boundary wi...

The Phyllanthus amarus plant suppresses HBV mRNA transcription in vitro and exhibits therapeutic potential in chronic HBV carriers, although further work is necessary to define its mechanism of action. Analysis in HuH-7 cells with transfected plasmids using a luciferase reporter showed that P. amarus specifically inhibited HBV enhancer I activity. To identify the mechanism of this HBV enhancer ...

the purpose of the present study was to explore the passive and electrically assisted transdermal transport of granisetron hydrochloride (gra) in solution and gel formulation through iontophoresis and also the feasibility of delivering therapeutic amounts of drug for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. in this study, iontophoretic permeation of gra through guinea pig skin...

Hemophilia B is caused by the absence of functional coagulation factor IX (F.IX) and represents an important model for treatment of genetic diseases by gene therapy. Recent studies have shown that intramuscular injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector into mice and hemophilia B dogs results in vector dose– dependent, long-term expression of biologically active F.IX at therapeutic lev...

Hemophilia B is caused by the absence of functional coagulation factor IX (F.IX) and represents an important model for treatment of genetic diseases by gene therapy. Recent studies have shown that intramuscular injection of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector into mice and hemophilia B dogs results in vector dose-dependent, long-term expression of biologically active F.IX at therapeutic leve...

Amiodarone and tramadol are known to have drug-drug interactions that potentiate the effects of anticoagulant warfarin. Herein we report a case which suggests increasing prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) PT-INR/dose due concomitant administration warfarin, amiodarone (a cytochrome P450 2C9 inhibitor) (an enhancer warfarin). A 72-year-old woman underwent emergency surgery ...

How transcription factors interpret the cis-regulatory logic encoded within enhancers to mediate quantitative changes in spatiotemporally restricted expression patterns during animal development is not well understood. Pax6 is a dosage-sensitive gene essential for eye development. Here, we identify the Prep1 (pKnox1) transcription factor as a critical dose-dependent upstream regulator of Pax6 e...

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammation effects of extract from Maclura tricuspidata twig fermented with Ganoderma lucidum mycelium (EMFG) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. adipocytes were treated 100, 200, 300 μg/mL EMFG. The result showed that EMFG dose-dependently inhibited accumulation intracellular lipid content differentiated enhanced increase adiponectin release inh...