each country faces a continuing challenge to collect enough blood to meet the national needs. according to who, there should be at least 20 blood donations per 1,000 population for developing countries, in kazakhstan this indicator was only 16.8 in 2011. thus, we conducted an epidemiological assessment and drew a map of the regional distribution of blood and plasma donations in kazakhstan durin...

Modelling Charitable Donations to an Unexpected Natural Disaster: Evidence from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics Using household-level data, we explore the relationship between donations to the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster and other charitable donations. The empirical evidence suggests that donations specifically for the victims of the tsunami are positively associat...

CONTEXT Drug donations to developing countries may be part of medical relief operations in acute emergencies, development aid in non-emergency situations, or a corporate donations programme. After a number of documented inappropriate drug donations, the World Health Organization developed the 'Guidelines for Drug Donations', with the second and final version published in 1999. OBJECTIVES We r...

BACKGROUND Each country faces a continuing challenge to collect enough blood to meet the national needs. According to WHO, there should be at least 20 blood donations per 1,000 population for developing countries, in Kazakhstan this indicator was only 16.8 in 2011. Thus, we conducted an epidemiological assessment and drew a map of the regional distribution of blood and plasma donations in Kazak...

Results The HIV seroprevalence was estimated to be 1.37/1000 donations with 3 generation and 3.62/1000 donations with 4 generation ELISA (p>0.05). Of the 17 samples which were 4 generation ELISA positive and WB positive, 11 were positive with 3 generation ELISA. Fourth generation ELISA tested 19 additional samples positive and 7 samples as possibly positive which were tested negative with 3 gen...