Use of divergent (or inverse) perspective in pictures is often regarded as arbitrary or even as erroneous in spite of the fact that entire schools of art exist in which this kind of perspective is regularly used. An experiment is reported which shows that a significant trend towards divergent perspective is experienced by subjects viewing laterally displaced three-dimensional arrays. Centrally ...

Before methods for drawing accurately in perspective were developed in the 15th century, many artists drew with divergent perspective. But we found that many university students draw with divergent perspective rather than with the correct convergent perspective. These experiments were designed to reveal why people tend to draw with divergent perspective. University students drew a cube and isol...

The achievement of strategies goals is one of the objectives of many organizations. One of the important influences on strategic objectives is the attitudes and perceptions of strategic planners groups. This paper focuses on conception of strategic directions in Export Development Bank of Iran (EDBI) among administrators (including board members, top and middle managers). This study was designe...

PURPOSE To compare the results between recession of the lateral recti and monocular recess-resect procedure for the correction of the basic type of intermittent exotropia. METHODS 115 patients with intermittent exotropia were submitted to surgery. The patients were divided into 4 groups, according to the magnitude of preoperative deviation and the surgical procedure was subsequently performed...

Recently, we developed a model of binocular fixation. This model predicts the amount of cyclovergence as a function of target elevation and horizontal target vergence. The prediction derives from the assumption that version and vergence add linearly and that the eye positions are constrained in three respects: (1) the foveae of the two eyes are directed towards the target, (2) the version compo...

PURPOSE To analyze the postoperative strabismic angle for five years or more and to investigate when the angle stabilized in intermittent exotropia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 89 patients who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia. The postoperative strabismic angles measured were analyzed at one-year intervals up to five years postoperatively. We di...

OBJECTIVE To identify specific health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) concerns for children with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and their parents. METHODS Twenty-four children aged 5 to 17 years with IXT and 1 parent for each child were recruited. Individual interviews with the child and then the parent were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcripts were reviewed, phrases regarding effects of IXT...

PURPOSE To compare the results of Worth 4-dot test (WFDT) performed in dark and light, and at different distances, with fusional control in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). METHODS Dark and light WFDT was performed for new IXT subjects at different distances and the results were compared with level of office-based fusional control. RESULTS Fifty IXT patients including 17 male and...