Computing with words (CWW) means different things to different people. This article is the start of a position paper, written by some of the members of the CIS Fuzzy Systems Technical Committee Task Force on CWW, that answers the question “What does CWW mean to me?” 1 Chairman of the CWW task force. All of the other authors are members of this task force. 2 This is a task force of the Fuzzy Sys...

Many population subgroups that are at high risk of illhealth have multiple micronutrient deficits. These subgroups include the elderly, the socially and economically deprived, hospital patients and the mentally ill, among others. Placebo-controlled trials of simple micronutrient supplements have shown that they can improve immune function and reduce time suffering from infections in older peopl...

Food proteins supply organisms not only with the energy needed for survival, but also with bioactive compounds, including food-borne peptides, which are beneficial to health. The beneficial effects of food-borne peptides have led to their proposal as potential nutraceuticals for food and pharmaceutical applications. Peptides with antimicrobial and immunostimulatory activities are among the poss...

A recent issue of the British Journal of Nutrition reflects a marked change in the importance we now attach to the role of dietary carbohydrates in both managing and retarding the development of non-communicable diseases, with four commentaries: Choosing your carbohydrates to prevent diabetes (Mathers, 2002); Low carbohydrate does not mean low glycaemic index! (Wolever, 2002); Diet, satiety and...

Without any doubt, the polyester-bag method is a very useful and common tool when evaluating ruminal utilization of feed. The first-order kinetic model as described by 0rskov & McDonald (1979), McDonald (1981) and Dhanoa (1988) is widespread and commonly used for description of disappearance curves. The model has two drawbacks clearly identified: (a) the assumption of fraction A being totally a...

The influence of the glycaemic index of breakfast and lunch on substrate utilisation during the postprandial periods and subsequent exercise – Comments by J. Galgani et al. Stevenson et al. (2005) recently assessed, in a group of athletes, the effect of highand low-glycaemic-index meals (breakfast and lunch) on fuel utilization under resting and exercise conditions using a crossover design. The...