objective: growth differentiation factor 9b (gdf9b) is an oocyte-derived growth factor. this protein is essential for the development of ovarian follicles and acts mainly by binding to its receptor on the surface of granulosa cells. the effect of gdf9b on the growth of follicles in various developmental stages, particularly primordial and primary follicles, is unknown. thus the aim of this stud...

background: the role of mesenchymal stem cell in cellular therapy is the subject of interest for many researchers. the differentiation potential of mscs and abilities in modulations of the recipient’s immune system makes them important cells in tissue regenerative studies. mscs by releasing the proinflammatory cytokines play important role in immunomodulatory systems; however the signaling path...

objective: receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa b ligand (rankl) appears to be an osteoclast-activating factor, bearing an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. some studies demonstrated that u-266 myeloma cell line and primary myeloma cells expressed rank and rankl. it had been reported that the expression of myeloid and monocytoid markers was increased by co-culturing ...

conclusions taken together, the combination of chemical and growth factors in the two-step induction protocol may improve the efficiency of msc differentiation into neural progenitor cells, and may be a new method for the easy and fast application of mscs in regenerative medicine in the future. results the results of real-time pcr showed that the expression of the gfap, mbp, and map-2 genes aft...

background: sertoli cells play a pivotal role in creating microenvironments essential for spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) self-renewal and commitment to differentiation. maintenance of sscs and or induction of in vitro spermiogenesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to treat male infertility. objective: this study investigated the role of luekemia inhibitory factor (lif) on the propagation o...

adult neurogenesis is a process of producing nerve cells from their progenitor that occurs in some areas in the brain such as the hypothalamus. low activity in this area plays a role in neural degeneration and diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and depression. ms is a neurodegenerative disease with a permanent disability that the main reason for it is axonal degeneration and neuronal...

There are several differentiation methods for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocyte-like cell. Investigators reported various hepatic differentiation protocols such as modifying culturing conditions or using various growth factors/cytokines. In this literature review, we compared different MSCs extraction and isolation protocols from Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and explored various MSCs differ...