this paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. the agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of nominal tariffs across tariff lines, and iv) a wide gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. con...

This paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. The agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of nominal tariffs across tariff lines, and iv) a wide gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. Con...

MUCH attention has been devoted to the study of the structure of tariffs in industrial nations and its impacts on the level and composition of their imports from developing countries. Studies have identified two sources of bias against imports from developing countries inherent in tariff structures of industrial nations. First, tariffs used by industrial nations have been found to bear more hea...

In the light of endeavours for a Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP) among developing countries, this article is concerned with the extent and structure of trade control measures in developing countries against imports of manufactures. More specifically, tariff charges, specific tariffs and quantitative restrictions are examined in selected developing countries. The analysis suggests that...

The shift to biofuels is a worldwide phenomenon, but the most notable recent development has been the rapid increase in the production of ethanol in the United States. Ethanol production in the United States enjoys a substantial subsidy, tariff protection, and mandated use. The consequence of increasing biofuels production is to raise the cost of feed and food worldwide. Those that suffer from ...

In the context of the Doha Development Round, the vast majority of computable general equilibrium studies examine agricultural trade led gains to developing countries, whilst European Union based studies are scarce and only one assessment exists in the case of Spain. This study also focuses on Spain, whilst developing the literature in two ways. Firstly, a more realistic representation of the a...

The majority of African countries implemented import liberalisation in the 1990s. This paper explores factors that may explain the pattern of protection and of tariff reform. We consider political economy explanations, motivated specifically by the Grossman and Helpman (1994) model of protection in response to industry lobbies, and the possibility that reforms are technocratic. Using industry-l...

This paper studies two attempts that have been made to stimulate trade among developing countries by means of a trade-preferential system under the auspices of GATT and UNCTAD. It wil! be shown that these attempts have not been successful when measured in terms of the number of countries that have offered so-called "concessions" and the number of products for which substantial tariff cuts have ...